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<p>This study focuses on the impact-generated electric voltage and energy harvesting features of industrially fabricated piezoelectric soft grade (SP-5A) <i>x</i>PZT/(1-<i>x</i>)NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) composites with 0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.25. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful fabrication of the desired composite. The scanning electron microscope image revealed that PZT ceramic particles, ranging in size from 1.0 to 2.25&#xa0;μm, were uniformly dispersed throughout the NBR matrix, and the presence of PZT and NBR elemental peaks in energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirms the formation of the composite. The values of dielectric constant, piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric voltage constant, and figure of merit were found to increase, whereas the value of tangent loss decreases upon increasing PZT content. A significant increase in impact-generated root-mean-square value of voltage was observed, rising from 16.3&#xa0;V to 27.83&#xa0;V as the mechanical energy increased from 1.47&#xa0;J to 2.45&#xa0;J (for <i>x</i> = 0.25) and from 2.86&#xa0;V to 27.83&#xa0;V at the mechanical energy of 2.45&#xa0;J with increasing PZT content in the NBR matrix. Also, the total energy generation followed a similar trend. The smaller water absorption (&lt; 0.10 wt.%) values and tangent loss (~10<sup>-2</sup> at 100&#xa0;Hz for <i>x</i> = 0.20 and 0.25), and higher values of piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric voltage constant, and figure of merit, power density (7.04&#xa0;μW/cm<sup>3</sup> utilizing 47 kΩ, and 390 pF for <i>x</i> = 0.25), along with improved voltage responses, highlight the potential of the present PZT/NBR composite system to be a potential candidate for impact/pressure-dependent energy harvesting applications.</p>

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Mechanical Impact-Induced Energy Harvesting Performance of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber 0–3 Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Ankit Kumar,
  • Beauty Kumari,
  • Amit Kumar,
  • Krishna M. Anand,
  • Kamal Prasad

摘要

This study focuses on the impact-generated electric voltage and energy harvesting features of industrially fabricated piezoelectric soft grade (SP-5A) xPZT/(1-x)NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) composites with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful fabrication of the desired composite. The scanning electron microscope image revealed that PZT ceramic particles, ranging in size from 1.0 to 2.25 μm, were uniformly dispersed throughout the NBR matrix, and the presence of PZT and NBR elemental peaks in energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirms the formation of the composite. The values of dielectric constant, piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric voltage constant, and figure of merit were found to increase, whereas the value of tangent loss decreases upon increasing PZT content. A significant increase in impact-generated root-mean-square value of voltage was observed, rising from 16.3 V to 27.83 V as the mechanical energy increased from 1.47 J to 2.45 J (for x = 0.25) and from 2.86 V to 27.83 V at the mechanical energy of 2.45 J with increasing PZT content in the NBR matrix. Also, the total energy generation followed a similar trend. The smaller water absorption (< 0.10 wt.%) values and tangent loss (~10-2 at 100 Hz for x = 0.20 and 0.25), and higher values of piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric voltage constant, and figure of merit, power density (7.04 μW/cm3 utilizing 47 kΩ, and 390 pF for x = 0.25), along with improved voltage responses, highlight the potential of the present PZT/NBR composite system to be a potential candidate for impact/pressure-dependent energy harvesting applications.