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<p>In the past decade, few studies have been reported on using 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) based cerclage strip components fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) for condition monitoring of comminuted fractures in canines as a passive sensor. Additionally, the thermal, mechanical (tensile), morphological, and dielectric characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) based passive sensors fabricated with different auxetic structures at optimized parameters of selected 3D printing processes for the substrate (thermoplastic composite) and patch, as well as the ground plane (of 17-4 PH SS), have been reported for such applications. However, little has been reported on the tunable flexural properties of 17-4 PH SS-based passive sensor components with a sandwich meta-structure. This study highlights the use of 17-4 PH SS as a sandwich meta-structure functional prototype with tunable flexural properties for a cerclage strip to monitor comminuted fractures in canines. The flexural coupons (per ASTM E290) were fabricated as top and bottom solid parts and an intermediate zone as sandwich metastructures (Octet-truss (OC)/Weaire-Phelan (WP)/Dodecahedron (DD)) using PBF-LB. The results revealed that the sample with the OC meta-structure exhibited a higher flexural ultimate force (4530 N) and a higher stress (1700&#xa0;MPa). Based on the volume phase fraction, the selected sample contains a higher fraction of ductile and deformable phases (such as BCC_A2 and FCC structures); the combined effect of these phases helps to absorb bending energy and delay crack initiation during flexural loading, which makes the sample more favorable for achieving reliable mechanical behaviour under flexural conditions. Furthermore, the results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), porosity (%), average grain size number (GSN), melt pool analysis, solidification rate trends, and volume fraction phases analysis at room temperature (~303&#xa0;K).</p>

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On the Flexural Properties of 17-4 Precipitate Hardened Stainless Steel-Based Passive Sensor Components Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Gurwinder Singh,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Amrinder Pal Singh

摘要

In the past decade, few studies have been reported on using 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) based cerclage strip components fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) for condition monitoring of comminuted fractures in canines as a passive sensor. Additionally, the thermal, mechanical (tensile), morphological, and dielectric characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) based passive sensors fabricated with different auxetic structures at optimized parameters of selected 3D printing processes for the substrate (thermoplastic composite) and patch, as well as the ground plane (of 17-4 PH SS), have been reported for such applications. However, little has been reported on the tunable flexural properties of 17-4 PH SS-based passive sensor components with a sandwich meta-structure. This study highlights the use of 17-4 PH SS as a sandwich meta-structure functional prototype with tunable flexural properties for a cerclage strip to monitor comminuted fractures in canines. The flexural coupons (per ASTM E290) were fabricated as top and bottom solid parts and an intermediate zone as sandwich metastructures (Octet-truss (OC)/Weaire-Phelan (WP)/Dodecahedron (DD)) using PBF-LB. The results revealed that the sample with the OC meta-structure exhibited a higher flexural ultimate force (4530 N) and a higher stress (1700 MPa). Based on the volume phase fraction, the selected sample contains a higher fraction of ductile and deformable phases (such as BCC_A2 and FCC structures); the combined effect of these phases helps to absorb bending energy and delay crack initiation during flexural loading, which makes the sample more favorable for achieving reliable mechanical behaviour under flexural conditions. Furthermore, the results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), porosity (%), average grain size number (GSN), melt pool analysis, solidification rate trends, and volume fraction phases analysis at room temperature (~303 K).