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<p>Al-Ti alloys draw significant attention owing to the Al<sub>3</sub>Ti phase's low density, high melting point, thermal stability, and high Young's modulus. However, the coarse structure and uneven element distribution in cast binary Al-Ti alloys reduce their strength, limiting industrial applications. This issue can be mitigated by alloying and increasing the cooling rate. This study prepared Al-3Ti-xV (<i>x</i> = 1,2,3) alloys via melting casting, investigating the effects of V content and cooling rate on solidification characteristics, microstructure, and tensile properties. Results indicate that increasing V content forms a (Ti,V) solid solution with higher melting point and stability during solidification, raising the alloy's characteristic temperature except for a reduced solidification temperature range of α-Al. The alloy's microstructure comprises α-Al, Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V), and Al<sub>45</sub>V<sub>7</sub> phases. The α-Al diffraction peak slightly shifts due to lattice mismatch from V solid solution, while the Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase's lattice parameter decreases, enhancing structural stability. With increased V content, the Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase transforms from needle-like to block-like and finally rod-like. Both elevated cooling rates and higher V content effectively refine grain size and Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase dimensions, promoting uniform distribution. Simultaneously, the proportion of Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase decreases. Tensile properties improve with higher cooling rates and V content, attributed to three main factors: the higher bulk, shear, and Young's moduli of the Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase post-V solid solution; the maximum growth limiting factor Q value reached with excessive V addition, significantly reducing grain size and enhancing strength through heterogeneous nucleation forming Al<sub>45</sub>V<sub>7</sub> phase. Water cooling enhances alloy strength by inhibiting Al<sub>3</sub>(Ti,V) phase precipitation, forming supersaturated solid solutions, increasing nucleation density, refining grains, creating compositional supercooling zones, and homogenizing alloy composition. Under water cooling, Al-3Ti-3&#xa0;V exhibits a tensile strength of 159.02&#xa0;MPa.</p>

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The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Solidification Characteristics of Al-3Ti-xV (x = 1,2,3) Alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Wenbo Tai,
  • Chunzhe Fu,
  • Hongjun Huang,
  • Xuejian Lin,
  • Bowen Zheng,
  • Xiaojiao Zuo,
  • Xiaoguang Yuan

摘要

Al-Ti alloys draw significant attention owing to the Al3Ti phase's low density, high melting point, thermal stability, and high Young's modulus. However, the coarse structure and uneven element distribution in cast binary Al-Ti alloys reduce their strength, limiting industrial applications. This issue can be mitigated by alloying and increasing the cooling rate. This study prepared Al-3Ti-xV (x = 1,2,3) alloys via melting casting, investigating the effects of V content and cooling rate on solidification characteristics, microstructure, and tensile properties. Results indicate that increasing V content forms a (Ti,V) solid solution with higher melting point and stability during solidification, raising the alloy's characteristic temperature except for a reduced solidification temperature range of α-Al. The alloy's microstructure comprises α-Al, Al3(Ti,V), and Al45V7 phases. The α-Al diffraction peak slightly shifts due to lattice mismatch from V solid solution, while the Al3(Ti,V) phase's lattice parameter decreases, enhancing structural stability. With increased V content, the Al3(Ti,V) phase transforms from needle-like to block-like and finally rod-like. Both elevated cooling rates and higher V content effectively refine grain size and Al3(Ti,V) phase dimensions, promoting uniform distribution. Simultaneously, the proportion of Al3(Ti,V) phase decreases. Tensile properties improve with higher cooling rates and V content, attributed to three main factors: the higher bulk, shear, and Young's moduli of the Al3(Ti,V) phase post-V solid solution; the maximum growth limiting factor Q value reached with excessive V addition, significantly reducing grain size and enhancing strength through heterogeneous nucleation forming Al45V7 phase. Water cooling enhances alloy strength by inhibiting Al3(Ti,V) phase precipitation, forming supersaturated solid solutions, increasing nucleation density, refining grains, creating compositional supercooling zones, and homogenizing alloy composition. Under water cooling, Al-3Ti-3 V exhibits a tensile strength of 159.02 MPa.