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<p>Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the fabrication of large-scale Inconel 718 (IN718) components; however, repeated thermal cycling during deposition can lead to variations in microstructure and mechanical properties along the build height. In this study, multilayer walls with total heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60&#xa0;mm were deposited using a bi-directional deposition strategy to systematically investigate the influence of wall height on microstructural changes, hardness, tensile properties, and residual stress (RS) in the as-deposited (AD) condition. The results reveal nonlinear variations in Vickers micro-hardness (348-397 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (784.64-830.11&#xa0;MPa) with increasing wall height. Yield strength increased gradually from 373.46 to 411.64&#xa0;MPa, while elongation remained relatively high (38.48-42.434 %), indicating a balance between strength and ductility. Compressive residual stress decreased from - 131.64 to - 93.04&#xa0;MPa with increasing wall height, which is attributed to cumulative thermal exposure and partial stress relaxation during deposition. The observed results suggest that variations in local solidification conditions associated with increasing wall height significantly influence the mechanical response of WAAM-deposited IN718 walls. These findings demonstrate that wall height plays a crucial role in controlling the performance of WAAM-deposited IN718 components.</p>

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Influence of Wall Height on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Inconel 718

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Mriganka Maity,
  • Manivannan Raja

摘要

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the fabrication of large-scale Inconel 718 (IN718) components; however, repeated thermal cycling during deposition can lead to variations in microstructure and mechanical properties along the build height. In this study, multilayer walls with total heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm were deposited using a bi-directional deposition strategy to systematically investigate the influence of wall height on microstructural changes, hardness, tensile properties, and residual stress (RS) in the as-deposited (AD) condition. The results reveal nonlinear variations in Vickers micro-hardness (348-397 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (784.64-830.11 MPa) with increasing wall height. Yield strength increased gradually from 373.46 to 411.64 MPa, while elongation remained relatively high (38.48-42.434 %), indicating a balance between strength and ductility. Compressive residual stress decreased from - 131.64 to - 93.04 MPa with increasing wall height, which is attributed to cumulative thermal exposure and partial stress relaxation during deposition. The observed results suggest that variations in local solidification conditions associated with increasing wall height significantly influence the mechanical response of WAAM-deposited IN718 walls. These findings demonstrate that wall height plays a crucial role in controlling the performance of WAAM-deposited IN718 components.