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<p>Powder green synthesis technology is essential for advancing sustainable development in the manufacturing industry. In the silver (Ag)-based composites sector, low-cost green synthesis of tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) powder has become a critical focus. Herein, SnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres were synthesized at an immersing time over 168 h without the need for additional surfactants via a water-assisted crystallization approach. The synthesis mechanism involves a “dissolution–precipitation” process driven by water molecules. Their crystallinity and particle size can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> composites containing these SnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres show improved hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. Notably, the Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> composite with crystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres calcined at 900&#xa0;°C as the reinforcement phase exhibits a better elongation of 5.4%, compared to Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> with amorphous SnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres. This study introduces a straightforward method for synthesizing SnO<sub>2</sub> microspheres and offers a valuable reference for producing other metal oxide systems.</p>

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Tunable Size and Crystallinity of SnO2 Microspheres via a Novel Water-Assisted Crystallization Approach for Enhanced Ag-Based Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Tao Shen,
  • Yuehao Yin,
  • Tongcheng Zuo,
  • Yiheng Zhou,
  • Zhenwu Liu,
  • Xinhe Wu,
  • Ji Zhang,
  • Jingting Yang

摘要

Powder green synthesis technology is essential for advancing sustainable development in the manufacturing industry. In the silver (Ag)-based composites sector, low-cost green synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) powder has become a critical focus. Herein, SnO2 microspheres were synthesized at an immersing time over 168 h without the need for additional surfactants via a water-assisted crystallization approach. The synthesis mechanism involves a “dissolution–precipitation” process driven by water molecules. Their crystallinity and particle size can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Ag/SnO2 composites containing these SnO2 microspheres show improved hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. Notably, the Ag/SnO2 composite with crystalline SnO2 microspheres calcined at 900 °C as the reinforcement phase exhibits a better elongation of 5.4%, compared to Ag/SnO2 with amorphous SnO2 microspheres. This study introduces a straightforward method for synthesizing SnO2 microspheres and offers a valuable reference for producing other metal oxide systems.