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<p>Laser cladding (LC) technology was used to create stainless steel-based composite coatings with no VC (No-VC), directly added VC (D-VC), and in situ synthesized VC (I-VC) on the surface of 304 stainless steel substrate. The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, electrochemical corrosion resistance, and cavitation erosion behavior of composite coatings manufactured using two alternative VC introduction techniques were all compared in detail. Unlike the D-VC composite coating, the reinforcement phases in the I-VC composite coating were more evenly distributed. VC incorporation conferred notable grain refinement, reducing the average grain size from 15.23&#xa0;μm for the No-VC coating to 11.90&#xa0;μm for the D-VC coating and 4.82&#xa0;μm for the I-VC coating. The fine and uniformly distributed VC reinforcement phase precipitated through nucleation and growth, effectively enhancing the microhardness of the D-VC and I-VC composite coatings. Compared with the 304 SS substrate, the microhardness increased by 130 and 175%, respectively. In comparison with the No-VC coating, their microhardness increased by approximately 100 and 139%, respectively. In electrochemical corrosion experiments, the direct addition of VC was found to be unfavorable for the corrosion resistance of the coatings, whereas the I-VC composite coating exhibited superior corrosion performance. The enhancement is primarily attributed to the formation of a more stable passive film and the presence of finely dispersed and uniformly distributed reinforcing phases, which effectively inhibited the ingress of Cl<sup>−</sup> ions. The lowest corrosion current density was obtained for the I-VC composite coating, <i>I</i><sub><i>corr</i></sub> of (2.99 ± 0.35) × 10<sup>−8</sup>&#xa0;A/cm<sup>2</sup>. In the cavitation erosion test, the I-VC composite coating exhibited superior cavitation erosion resistance, which is closely associated with its higher microhardness, improved corrosion resistance, and enhanced resistance to plastic deformation. Even after 8&#xa0;h of cavitation erosion, a portion of the original I-VC coating surface remained intact, and only a few small pits appeared at high magnification.</p>

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Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviors of Laser Clad Stainless Steel Matrix Composite Coatings with Different Types of VC Reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • B. Y. Liu,
  • Z. Y. Wang,
  • H. Wu,
  • C. L. Wu,
  • S. Zhang,
  • C. H. Zhang,
  • H. T. Chen,
  • J. Chen

摘要

Laser cladding (LC) technology was used to create stainless steel-based composite coatings with no VC (No-VC), directly added VC (D-VC), and in situ synthesized VC (I-VC) on the surface of 304 stainless steel substrate. The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, electrochemical corrosion resistance, and cavitation erosion behavior of composite coatings manufactured using two alternative VC introduction techniques were all compared in detail. Unlike the D-VC composite coating, the reinforcement phases in the I-VC composite coating were more evenly distributed. VC incorporation conferred notable grain refinement, reducing the average grain size from 15.23 μm for the No-VC coating to 11.90 μm for the D-VC coating and 4.82 μm for the I-VC coating. The fine and uniformly distributed VC reinforcement phase precipitated through nucleation and growth, effectively enhancing the microhardness of the D-VC and I-VC composite coatings. Compared with the 304 SS substrate, the microhardness increased by 130 and 175%, respectively. In comparison with the No-VC coating, their microhardness increased by approximately 100 and 139%, respectively. In electrochemical corrosion experiments, the direct addition of VC was found to be unfavorable for the corrosion resistance of the coatings, whereas the I-VC composite coating exhibited superior corrosion performance. The enhancement is primarily attributed to the formation of a more stable passive film and the presence of finely dispersed and uniformly distributed reinforcing phases, which effectively inhibited the ingress of Cl− ions. The lowest corrosion current density was obtained for the I-VC composite coating, Icorr of (2.99 ± 0.35) × 10−8 A/cm2. In the cavitation erosion test, the I-VC composite coating exhibited superior cavitation erosion resistance, which is closely associated with its higher microhardness, improved corrosion resistance, and enhanced resistance to plastic deformation. Even after 8 h of cavitation erosion, a portion of the original I-VC coating surface remained intact, and only a few small pits appeared at high magnification.