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<p>Copper-based electrical contact materials are essential components in power systems, valued for their excellent conductivity and mechanical properties. However, achieving a balance between high strength and superior arc erosion resistance under demanding service conditions remains challenging. Although oxide dispersion strengthening can improve performance, issues such as poor interfacial wettability and limited multi-scale reinforcement persist. This study investigates the effect of incorporating trace graphene oxide (GO) into an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Cu/45W composite fabricated via internal oxidation and hot-pressing. The addition of 0.3 wt.% GO improved mechanical properties, with compressive strength increasing by 14.5% (from 633 to 725&#xa0;MPa) and hardness rising from 165 to 172 HV, while electrical conductivity remained above 68% IACS. Electrical contact tests under 30&#xa0;V DC and 20 A showed that the GO-modified composite exhibited a 19.1% reduction in average arc duration and a 21.5% decrease in average arc energy, along with reduced welding force. Microstructural analysis indicated uniform dispersion of in-situ formed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and suggested that the partial reduction of GO to conductive RGO may enhance interfacial bonding and arc suppression. These results imply that GO can contribute to a simultaneous improvement in mechanical strength, electrical performance, and arc erosion resistance, offering a potential approach for designing advanced electrical contact materials.</p>

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Investigation of Arc Erosion Characteristics and Mechanisms in Al2O3-Cu/45W Electrical Contact Materials Enhanced with Graphene Oxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Huiwen Guo,
  • Bingbing Shang,
  • Qimeng Zhang,
  • Ke Jing,
  • Meng Zhou,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Baohong Tian,
  • Xiaohui Zhang,
  • Yonghui Sun

摘要

Copper-based electrical contact materials are essential components in power systems, valued for their excellent conductivity and mechanical properties. However, achieving a balance between high strength and superior arc erosion resistance under demanding service conditions remains challenging. Although oxide dispersion strengthening can improve performance, issues such as poor interfacial wettability and limited multi-scale reinforcement persist. This study investigates the effect of incorporating trace graphene oxide (GO) into an Al2O3-Cu/45W composite fabricated via internal oxidation and hot-pressing. The addition of 0.3 wt.% GO improved mechanical properties, with compressive strength increasing by 14.5% (from 633 to 725 MPa) and hardness rising from 165 to 172 HV, while electrical conductivity remained above 68% IACS. Electrical contact tests under 30 V DC and 20 A showed that the GO-modified composite exhibited a 19.1% reduction in average arc duration and a 21.5% decrease in average arc energy, along with reduced welding force. Microstructural analysis indicated uniform dispersion of in-situ formed Al2O3 nanoparticles and suggested that the partial reduction of GO to conductive RGO may enhance interfacial bonding and arc suppression. These results imply that GO can contribute to a simultaneous improvement in mechanical strength, electrical performance, and arc erosion resistance, offering a potential approach for designing advanced electrical contact materials.