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<p>(TiZrNbWAlx)C high-entropy carbides coatings with varying Al contents were fabricated by reactive magnetron co-sputtering by adjusting the Al target power from 0 to 120 W. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that Al addition effectively promotes coating densification and facilitates a structural evolution from an amorphous to a face-centered cubic (fcc) nanocrystalline phase. Concomitantly, the coating hardness exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on Al content, initially decreasing from 9.5 GPa (0 W) to 6.9 GPa (90 W) due to reduced residual stress and formation of the fcc phase, before recovering to 7.7 GPa (120 W) as a result of decrease in sp<sup>2</sup>-C content and increased residual stress. Remarkably, an optimal Al content was identified, which yielded a superior combination of a low friction coefficient (~0.22) and an ultra-low wear rate of 4.4 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>. This work elucidates the critical role of Al in modulating the structure–property relationships in (TiZrNbWAl<sub>x</sub>)C systems and highlights their significant potential as high-performance protective coatings.</p>

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Effect of Al Content on Properties of (TiZrNbWAlx)C High-Entropy Carbides Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Yongchang Yang,
  • Ziqi Wu,
  • Meihua Fang,
  • Jiafeng Li,
  • Xinyi Cai,
  • Yongli Mu,
  • Yipan Guo,
  • Liqian Wei,
  • Shengjie Lei,
  • Zhiyong Wei

摘要

(TiZrNbWAlx)C high-entropy carbides coatings with varying Al contents were fabricated by reactive magnetron co-sputtering by adjusting the Al target power from 0 to 120 W. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that Al addition effectively promotes coating densification and facilitates a structural evolution from an amorphous to a face-centered cubic (fcc) nanocrystalline phase. Concomitantly, the coating hardness exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on Al content, initially decreasing from 9.5 GPa (0 W) to 6.9 GPa (90 W) due to reduced residual stress and formation of the fcc phase, before recovering to 7.7 GPa (120 W) as a result of decrease in sp2-C content and increased residual stress. Remarkably, an optimal Al content was identified, which yielded a superior combination of a low friction coefficient (~0.22) and an ultra-low wear rate of 4.4 × 10−7 mm3·N−1·m−1. This work elucidates the critical role of Al in modulating the structure–property relationships in (TiZrNbWAlx)C systems and highlights their significant potential as high-performance protective coatings.