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<p>This study investigates the effect of a short-time austenitizing heat treatment (15 min at 980 °C) on the oxidation, mechanical, and tribological performance of AISI D3 cold-work tool steel, compared to conventional longer cycles. Samples were quenched in water and oil, tempered at 270 °C, and characterized by hardness, nanoindentation, impact testing, wear analysis, SEM-EDS, and XRD. Water quenching yielded the highest hardness (60.54 HRC) and wear resistance (65.6% reduction in wear rate), while oil quenching provided better toughness-hardness balance. Long-term oxidation tests (2 years) revealed accelerated degradation in humid environments, with mass gain reaching 20.6%, compared to only 1.76% in dry air. Reducing the holding time from 30 to 15 minutes yields an estimated 8–12% reduction in total thermal cycle energy consumption without significant loss of mechanical or tribological performance. These findings demonstrate that short-term heat treatments offer an efficient and industrially viable way to reduce the optimization cost of AISI D3 tool steel.</p>

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15-minutes Heat Treatment Effect on the Performance of AISI D3 Tool Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Abdenour Dadou,
  • Hamid Dilmi,
  • Chouaib Aribi,
  • Boudjema Bezzazi

摘要

This study investigates the effect of a short-time austenitizing heat treatment (15 min at 980 °C) on the oxidation, mechanical, and tribological performance of AISI D3 cold-work tool steel, compared to conventional longer cycles. Samples were quenched in water and oil, tempered at 270 °C, and characterized by hardness, nanoindentation, impact testing, wear analysis, SEM-EDS, and XRD. Water quenching yielded the highest hardness (60.54 HRC) and wear resistance (65.6% reduction in wear rate), while oil quenching provided better toughness-hardness balance. Long-term oxidation tests (2 years) revealed accelerated degradation in humid environments, with mass gain reaching 20.6%, compared to only 1.76% in dry air. Reducing the holding time from 30 to 15 minutes yields an estimated 8–12% reduction in total thermal cycle energy consumption without significant loss of mechanical or tribological performance. These findings demonstrate that short-term heat treatments offer an efficient and industrially viable way to reduce the optimization cost of AISI D3 tool steel.