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<p>This study investigates the tensile deformation behavior of TC4-ELI titanium alloys with equiaxed and bimodal microstructures using uniaxial tensile tests and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. The equiaxed structure shows lower tensile strength but higher ductility, with stress concentration mainly at grain boundaries. In contrast, the bimodal structure exhibits higher strength and lower ductility, with more pronounced stress concentration due to grain orientation and phase boundaries. Slip system analysis reveals that equiaxed structures primarily activate basal and prismatic slips, while bimodal structures also engage pyramidal &lt;<i>a</i>&gt; slips, enhancing resistance to deformation. Increasing <i>β</i>-phase content reduces the activation of prismatic and pyramidal &lt;<i>c</i> + <i>a</i>&gt; slips, while promoting pyramidal &lt;<i>a</i>&gt; and <i>β</i>-&lt;110&gt; slips, leading to lower stress levels during plastic deformation. The tensile strength of different texture models follows the order: basal &lt; transverse &lt; bimodal structure. The basal texture has the highest prismatic slip activity and lowest strength. In contrast, the bimodal structure shows a higher proportion of pyramidal slip activation, contributing to its superior strength. These findings provide insights into the microstructure–property relationships of TC4-ELI alloys, supporting optimized design for high-performance applications.</p>

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Study on the Tensile Deformation Behavior of TC4-ELI Titanium Alloys with Equiaxed and Bimodal Structures using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Bojun Zhang,
  • Tongze Su,
  • Cheng Ye,
  • Long Zhang,
  • Le Chang

摘要

This study investigates the tensile deformation behavior of TC4-ELI titanium alloys with equiaxed and bimodal microstructures using uniaxial tensile tests and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. The equiaxed structure shows lower tensile strength but higher ductility, with stress concentration mainly at grain boundaries. In contrast, the bimodal structure exhibits higher strength and lower ductility, with more pronounced stress concentration due to grain orientation and phase boundaries. Slip system analysis reveals that equiaxed structures primarily activate basal and prismatic slips, while bimodal structures also engage pyramidal <a> slips, enhancing resistance to deformation. Increasing β-phase content reduces the activation of prismatic and pyramidal <c + a> slips, while promoting pyramidal <a> and β-<110> slips, leading to lower stress levels during plastic deformation. The tensile strength of different texture models follows the order: basal < transverse < bimodal structure. The basal texture has the highest prismatic slip activity and lowest strength. In contrast, the bimodal structure shows a higher proportion of pyramidal slip activation, contributing to its superior strength. These findings provide insights into the microstructure–property relationships of TC4-ELI alloys, supporting optimized design for high-performance applications.