<p>Titanium and its alloys have become core materials for dental implants, orthodontic appliances, and restorations because of their excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and low elastic modulus. As the population ages, the demand for titanium alloys in dentistry continues to grow, but their long-term stability and antimicrobial properties in complex oral environments still need to be developed and improved. In this review article, the advantageous properties of titanium and its alloys as dental materials are described in detail, and the surface modification techniques for titanium and the preparation methods for titanium alloys are elaborated. In addition, the applications of various nanoparticles in surface modification technology for titanium and its alloys are summarized. Finally, future development directions for titanium and its alloys in dental materials, which should include improving the surface bioactivity and antimicrobial ability of titanium and its alloys and promoting osteogenesis and osseointegration, are discussed.</p>