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<p>In the past decade, numerous studies have been reported on 17-4 precipitated hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) for the fabrication of cerclage strips for comminuted fractures using powder bed fusion–laser beam (PBF–LB) process. However, little has been reported on optimizing the PBF–LB process to achieve tunable tensile and flexural strains in cerclage strips of 17-4 PH SS used to monitor comminuted fractures in canines. This study presents a general linear model (GLM) approach for the multifactor optimization of selected PBF–LB parameters to achieve the desired tensile and flexural strain in cerclage strips. The suggested optimal parameters, a laser power of 120&#xa0;W, an octet-truss (OC) as infill meta-structure, and a scanning speed of 1200&#xa0;mm/s, yielded a composite desirability of 0.99, resulting in flexural strains of 9.19% and tensile strains of 17.57%. The morphological analysis reveals that the tensile and flexural specimens exhibited porosities of 18.64 and 13.78%, respectively, with an average grain size No. of 0.5 and 1.0. The presence of a significant volume fraction of BCC phases (A2/B2) contributes to strength and enables the accommodation of extensive strain without failure at the early stages. The observed corrosion rate analysis (in vitro behavior) of tensile (0.000757&#xa0;mm/year) and flexural (0.000292&#xa0;mm/year) specimens indicates they are suitable for implant applications in canines with comminuted fractures. Furthermore, the results are supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), CALPHAD, and tribological analysis.</p>

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On Optimization of Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Beam Process for Tunable Tensile and Flexural Strain in Cerclage Strips of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Gurwinder Singh,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Amrinder Pal Singh

摘要

In the past decade, numerous studies have been reported on 17-4 precipitated hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) for the fabrication of cerclage strips for comminuted fractures using powder bed fusion–laser beam (PBF–LB) process. However, little has been reported on optimizing the PBF–LB process to achieve tunable tensile and flexural strains in cerclage strips of 17-4 PH SS used to monitor comminuted fractures in canines. This study presents a general linear model (GLM) approach for the multifactor optimization of selected PBF–LB parameters to achieve the desired tensile and flexural strain in cerclage strips. The suggested optimal parameters, a laser power of 120 W, an octet-truss (OC) as infill meta-structure, and a scanning speed of 1200 mm/s, yielded a composite desirability of 0.99, resulting in flexural strains of 9.19% and tensile strains of 17.57%. The morphological analysis reveals that the tensile and flexural specimens exhibited porosities of 18.64 and 13.78%, respectively, with an average grain size No. of 0.5 and 1.0. The presence of a significant volume fraction of BCC phases (A2/B2) contributes to strength and enables the accommodation of extensive strain without failure at the early stages. The observed corrosion rate analysis (in vitro behavior) of tensile (0.000757 mm/year) and flexural (0.000292 mm/year) specimens indicates they are suitable for implant applications in canines with comminuted fractures. Furthermore, the results are supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), CALPHAD, and tribological analysis.