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<p>This investigation systematically explored the impact of vanadium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.%) on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of (WMoNbTa)<sub>100-<i>x</i></sub>V<sub><i>x</i></sub> (designated as V0, V5, V10, V15, and V20 corresponding to <i>x</i> = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.% vanadium) refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs). Alloys were synthesized via vacuum arc melting. XRD analysis revealed a lattice parameter reduction from 3.236 to 3.213 Å. Microstructural examination demonstrated grain refinement with increasing vanadium, alongside nucleation of Ta-W-V-rich secondary phases, reaching a 12.6% volume fraction at V20. Increasing vanadium content significantly improved mechanical properties, enhancing Vickers hardness from 428 HV (V0) to 768 HV (V20) and yield strength from 1169 MPa (V0) to 1377 MPa (V20). Electrochemical characterization in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution revealed non-monotonic corrosion behavior. The V5 composition demonstrated exceptional resistance with the lowest current density (27 nA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and highest charge transfer resistance (3438 kΩ·cm<sup>2</sup>), representing a 26.7-fold improvement compared to the base V0 alloy. However, vanadium additions beyond 10 at.% degraded corrosion resistance due to micro-galvanic coupling. The study establishes that 5–10 at.% vanadium represents the optimal compositional window for achieving a superior property combination. The wear behavior followed a non-monotonic trend with vanadium addition; the V15 composition exhibited the highest wear resistance, achieving a 55% reduction in weight loss compared to the base V0 alloy. However, increasing vanadium to 20 at.% led to a deterioration in wear performance.</p>

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Optimizing (WMoNbTa)100-xVx Refractory High-Entropy Alloys through Vanadium Alloying: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance, and Wear Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Javid Naseri,
  • Gholam Hussain Borhani,
  • Khalil Ranjbar

摘要

This investigation systematically explored the impact of vanadium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.%) on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of (WMoNbTa)100-xVx (designated as V0, V5, V10, V15, and V20 corresponding to x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.% vanadium) refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs). Alloys were synthesized via vacuum arc melting. XRD analysis revealed a lattice parameter reduction from 3.236 to 3.213 Å. Microstructural examination demonstrated grain refinement with increasing vanadium, alongside nucleation of Ta-W-V-rich secondary phases, reaching a 12.6% volume fraction at V20. Increasing vanadium content significantly improved mechanical properties, enhancing Vickers hardness from 428 HV (V0) to 768 HV (V20) and yield strength from 1169 MPa (V0) to 1377 MPa (V20). Electrochemical characterization in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution revealed non-monotonic corrosion behavior. The V5 composition demonstrated exceptional resistance with the lowest current density (27 nA/cm2) and highest charge transfer resistance (3438 kΩ·cm2), representing a 26.7-fold improvement compared to the base V0 alloy. However, vanadium additions beyond 10 at.% degraded corrosion resistance due to micro-galvanic coupling. The study establishes that 5–10 at.% vanadium represents the optimal compositional window for achieving a superior property combination. The wear behavior followed a non-monotonic trend with vanadium addition; the V15 composition exhibited the highest wear resistance, achieving a 55% reduction in weight loss compared to the base V0 alloy. However, increasing vanadium to 20 at.% led to a deterioration in wear performance.