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<p>Thermomechanical treatment is widely employed to enhance the mechanical performance of medium-carbon steels; however, it often compromises their corrosion resistance and shortens service life,&#xa0;particularly in corrosive environments. The present study aims to simultaneously improve the mechanical and electrochemical properties of 45CrNi high-strength steel through optimized thermomechanical treatment. The as-received steel exhibited a pearlitic microstructure within a ferritic matrix, with an average grain size of 151&#xa0;µm. After thermomechanical treatment with tempering at 470&#xa0;°C, the steel developed a refined microstructure with an average grain size of 9.4&#xa0;µm, comprising 71 vol.% tempered martensite and 29 vol.% retained austenite. This phase transformation significantly improved the mechanical properties: tensile strength increased by 43%, micro-Vickers hardness by 64%, and impact toughness nearly doubled. In parallel, electrochemical performance was markedly enhanced, as evidenced by a reduced corrosion current density of 7.69 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>, a lower corrosion rate of 3.50 mpy, and increased&#xa0;barrier film resistance (97.50 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>) and&#xa0;charge-transfer resistance (1.84 kΩ·cm<sup>2</sup>) values. These results establish a viable strategy for concurrently&#xa0;enhancing mechanical&#xa0;performance and corrosion resistance in high-strength structural steels, thereby extending their applicability in environments involving heavy mechanical loads and aggressive saline conditions.</p>

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Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of 45CrNi High-Strength Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Muhammad Arslan Hafeez,
  • Ameeq Farooq,
  • Adil Mansoor,
  • Amandeep,
  • Suman Dhingra,
  • Umer Masood Chaudry,
  • Muhammad Kashif Khan

摘要

Thermomechanical treatment is widely employed to enhance the mechanical performance of medium-carbon steels; however, it often compromises their corrosion resistance and shortens service life, particularly in corrosive environments. The present study aims to simultaneously improve the mechanical and electrochemical properties of 45CrNi high-strength steel through optimized thermomechanical treatment. The as-received steel exhibited a pearlitic microstructure within a ferritic matrix, with an average grain size of 151 µm. After thermomechanical treatment with tempering at 470 °C, the steel developed a refined microstructure with an average grain size of 9.4 µm, comprising 71 vol.% tempered martensite and 29 vol.% retained austenite. This phase transformation significantly improved the mechanical properties: tensile strength increased by 43%, micro-Vickers hardness by 64%, and impact toughness nearly doubled. In parallel, electrochemical performance was markedly enhanced, as evidenced by a reduced corrosion current density of 7.69 µA/cm2, a lower corrosion rate of 3.50 mpy, and increased barrier film resistance (97.50 Ω·cm2) and charge-transfer resistance (1.84 kΩ·cm2) values. These results establish a viable strategy for concurrently enhancing mechanical performance and corrosion resistance in high-strength structural steels, thereby extending their applicability in environments involving heavy mechanical loads and aggressive saline conditions.