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<p>Underground subway stations rely heavily on fire-resistant components—such as smoke barriers—to maintain structural integrity and ensure occupant safety during fire events. This study investigates the performance of engineered smoke barrier materials in an island–platform subway station through a coupled building information modeling (BIM) and fire dynamics simulation framework. High-fidelity models were developed to evaluate how the thermal and physical properties of smoke barrier materials influence smoke propagation, visibility degradation and temperature distribution under realistic fire scenarios. The available safe egress time (ASET) was assessed based on critical environmental thresholds (visibility &lt; 10 m, temperature &gt; 60&#xa0;°C, CO &gt; 2500 ppm), while the required safe egress time (RSET) accounted for heterogeneous evacuee populations. Results demonstrate that properly selected fire-resistant barrier materials significantly delay smoke spread to non-fire zones—increasing ASET by up to 40%—thereby enhancing overall system safety. However, localized smoke accumulation near the fire source may reduce safety margins on the incident side, highlighting the importance of material placement and performance consistency. This work underscores the critical relationship between material selection, component design (smoke barriers) and functional performance in complex underground transportation systems, providing actionable insights for materials engineers involved in fire-safe infrastructure development.</p>

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Performance Evaluation of Fire-Resistant Smoke Barriers in Subway Stations: A BIM-Integrated Assessment of Material Functionality on Evacuation Safety

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Piaopiao Tan,
  • Hang Lin

摘要

Underground subway stations rely heavily on fire-resistant components—such as smoke barriers—to maintain structural integrity and ensure occupant safety during fire events. This study investigates the performance of engineered smoke barrier materials in an island–platform subway station through a coupled building information modeling (BIM) and fire dynamics simulation framework. High-fidelity models were developed to evaluate how the thermal and physical properties of smoke barrier materials influence smoke propagation, visibility degradation and temperature distribution under realistic fire scenarios. The available safe egress time (ASET) was assessed based on critical environmental thresholds (visibility < 10 m, temperature > 60 °C, CO > 2500 ppm), while the required safe egress time (RSET) accounted for heterogeneous evacuee populations. Results demonstrate that properly selected fire-resistant barrier materials significantly delay smoke spread to non-fire zones—increasing ASET by up to 40%—thereby enhancing overall system safety. However, localized smoke accumulation near the fire source may reduce safety margins on the incident side, highlighting the importance of material placement and performance consistency. This work underscores the critical relationship between material selection, component design (smoke barriers) and functional performance in complex underground transportation systems, providing actionable insights for materials engineers involved in fire-safe infrastructure development.