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<p>This study examines the influence of gas nitriding and powder-pack boriding on the tribological and mechanical properties of AISI D2 tool steels manufactured through casting and powder metallurgy (P/M) processes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between coating type and production method in terms of surface hardness and wear resistance under dry sliding conditions. Boriding resulted in FeB/Fe<sub>2</sub>B layers with a thickness of approximately 45-60&#xa0;µm and a surface hardness of around 2000 HV0.2, leading to a 63% reduction in wear depth in P/M samples. Nitrided layers measured 25-30&#xa0;µm in thickness, achieving hardness values of 1100-1200 HV. These layers demonstrated enhanced adhesion and diminished cracking, especially in P/M steels. The P/M nitride sample exhibited superior performance, showing a 69% reduction in wear depth relative to the uncoated P/M specimen under a 30 N load. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of ductile Fe<sub>4</sub>N and CrN phases, as well as improved stress accommodation in the refined powder metallurgy (P/M) microstructure. P/M samples exhibited enhanced bonding quality and uniform diffusion, attaining HF1-level adhesion in Rockwell-C tests, whereas cast samples were categorized as HF2-HF3 due to localized delamination. Boriding enhances hardness and wear resistance, whereas nitriding increases toughness and coating integrity. P/M processing improves both treatments by facilitating layer uniformity and increasing diffusion depth.</p>

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Synergistic Effects of Nitriding and Boriding on Tribo-Mechanical Performance of Powder Metallurgy and Cast D2 Tool Steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Volkan Karakurt,
  • Bilge Demir,
  • Rukiye Tekin Ünver,
  • Hayrettin Ahlatçi

摘要

This study examines the influence of gas nitriding and powder-pack boriding on the tribological and mechanical properties of AISI D2 tool steels manufactured through casting and powder metallurgy (P/M) processes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between coating type and production method in terms of surface hardness and wear resistance under dry sliding conditions. Boriding resulted in FeB/Fe2B layers with a thickness of approximately 45-60 µm and a surface hardness of around 2000 HV0.2, leading to a 63% reduction in wear depth in P/M samples. Nitrided layers measured 25-30 µm in thickness, achieving hardness values of 1100-1200 HV. These layers demonstrated enhanced adhesion and diminished cracking, especially in P/M steels. The P/M nitride sample exhibited superior performance, showing a 69% reduction in wear depth relative to the uncoated P/M specimen under a 30 N load. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of ductile Fe4N and CrN phases, as well as improved stress accommodation in the refined powder metallurgy (P/M) microstructure. P/M samples exhibited enhanced bonding quality and uniform diffusion, attaining HF1-level adhesion in Rockwell-C tests, whereas cast samples were categorized as HF2-HF3 due to localized delamination. Boriding enhances hardness and wear resistance, whereas nitriding increases toughness and coating integrity. P/M processing improves both treatments by facilitating layer uniformity and increasing diffusion depth.