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<p>Among the several additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most sophisticated that excels in producing components with intricate geometries. The service performances of the components produced with SLM are contingent upon the microstructure and surface quality. In this paper, we presented an investigation of the deformation behavior of heat-treated (800&#xa0;°C 4&#xa0;h) selective laser melting (SLM) Ti6Al4V, particularly how microstructural features including <i>α</i> lath and their colonies affect the deformation behavior by employing in situ SEM tensile characterization technique. Observations reveal that heat treatments induce microstructural alterations, characterized by enhanced coarsening of <i>α</i> laths, development of <i>α</i> colonies, and a shift from martensitic <i>α</i>' to <i>α</i> and <i>β</i> phases. Samples were extracted from the same heat-treated component, but from different horizontal (H) and vertical (Z) directions and tested under identical conditions to provide an in-depth analysis of the deformation. The results showed that parallel <i>α</i> laths within the <i>α</i> colony with their elongation directions nearly 45° to the tensile load axis induce early boundary slip deformation during the uniaxial tensile process. The geometric orientation of the <i>α</i> laths determined the orientation of the slip lines in each colony, and the colony boundaries constrain the continuity of the slip lines. Microcracks were initially observed at the colony boundaries dominated by many <i>α</i>/<i>β</i> interface slip lines. As the tensile load increases, the microcracks coalesce and eventually lead to fracture. The yield tensile strength of the samples in the H-direction was 900&#xa0;MPa, while the ultimate tensile strength was 1000&#xa0;MPa. In the Z-direction, the yield tensile strength was 800&#xa0;MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength was 900&#xa0;MPa. Elongation was 11.11% in the H-direction and 12.5% in the Z-direction. Overall, a nearly identical deformation mode was observed in both the samples with no significant effect on the tensile properties.</p>

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Deformation Study of Heat-Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Mujahid Abbas,
  • Zhu Yifan,
  • Junxia Lu,
  • Rafi Ullah,
  • Xiaopeng Cheng,
  • Mahnoor Boukhari,
  • Vineet Tirth,
  • Ali Algahtani,
  • Abid Zaman

摘要

Among the several additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most sophisticated that excels in producing components with intricate geometries. The service performances of the components produced with SLM are contingent upon the microstructure and surface quality. In this paper, we presented an investigation of the deformation behavior of heat-treated (800 °C 4 h) selective laser melting (SLM) Ti6Al4V, particularly how microstructural features including α lath and their colonies affect the deformation behavior by employing in situ SEM tensile characterization technique. Observations reveal that heat treatments induce microstructural alterations, characterized by enhanced coarsening of α laths, development of α colonies, and a shift from martensitic α' to α and β phases. Samples were extracted from the same heat-treated component, but from different horizontal (H) and vertical (Z) directions and tested under identical conditions to provide an in-depth analysis of the deformation. The results showed that parallel α laths within the α colony with their elongation directions nearly 45° to the tensile load axis induce early boundary slip deformation during the uniaxial tensile process. The geometric orientation of the α laths determined the orientation of the slip lines in each colony, and the colony boundaries constrain the continuity of the slip lines. Microcracks were initially observed at the colony boundaries dominated by many α/β interface slip lines. As the tensile load increases, the microcracks coalesce and eventually lead to fracture. The yield tensile strength of the samples in the H-direction was 900 MPa, while the ultimate tensile strength was 1000 MPa. In the Z-direction, the yield tensile strength was 800 MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength was 900 MPa. Elongation was 11.11% in the H-direction and 12.5% in the Z-direction. Overall, a nearly identical deformation mode was observed in both the samples with no significant effect on the tensile properties.