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<p>In this study, CrFe/TiC dual-sized hard particles were employed for the synergistic reinforcement of copper-based powder metallurgy friction materials, aiming to optimize the performance balance between a high friction coefficient and excellent friction stability. The results indicate that when the CrFe/TiC ratio is 2:3, the material demonstrates the optimal comprehensive performance: the Brinell hardness is enhanced by 38.8%; under high-speed braking at 350&#xa0;km/h, the wear rate is decreased by over 30%, the average friction coefficient is increased to 0.42, and the friction stability is also significantly enhanced. The mechanism underlying performance improvement is attributed to the synergistic effect of the dual-sized particles: large-sized CrFe particles facilitate the formation of a complete and tough friction film, whereas small-sized TiC particles promote the formation of high-strength contact plateaus, providing effective frictional resistance and maintaining excellent friction stability while achieving a high friction coefficient. As the CrFe/TiC ratio in the dual-sized hard particles decreases, the friction and wear mechanism transitions from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, and ultimately to severe delamination wear.</p>

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Effect of CrFe/TiC Dual-Sized Particles on Tribological Performance of Cu-Matrix Brake Pads for High-speed Trains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Zhuoyang Chen,
  • Xinqiu Xu,
  • Xiaoqian Wang,
  • Xizhang Chen,
  • Haiyan Yin

摘要

In this study, CrFe/TiC dual-sized hard particles were employed for the synergistic reinforcement of copper-based powder metallurgy friction materials, aiming to optimize the performance balance between a high friction coefficient and excellent friction stability. The results indicate that when the CrFe/TiC ratio is 2:3, the material demonstrates the optimal comprehensive performance: the Brinell hardness is enhanced by 38.8%; under high-speed braking at 350 km/h, the wear rate is decreased by over 30%, the average friction coefficient is increased to 0.42, and the friction stability is also significantly enhanced. The mechanism underlying performance improvement is attributed to the synergistic effect of the dual-sized particles: large-sized CrFe particles facilitate the formation of a complete and tough friction film, whereas small-sized TiC particles promote the formation of high-strength contact plateaus, providing effective frictional resistance and maintaining excellent friction stability while achieving a high friction coefficient. As the CrFe/TiC ratio in the dual-sized hard particles decreases, the friction and wear mechanism transitions from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, and ultimately to severe delamination wear.