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<p>Basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites offer high strength, corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency for marine applications but suffer from weak fiber–matrix interfacial bonding due to the inert basalt surface. This limitation reduces flexural performance and accelerates mechanical, thermal, and tribological degradation under saltwater exposure. Unlike conventional single-filler or simple surface treatment methods, this work introduces a new synergistic silane-functionalized alumina–graphene hybrid coating that provides combined mechanical reinforcement, lubricity, and barrier protection. To develop this system, basalt fibers were modified with silane-functionalized alumina nanoparticles (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) via dip-coating. Functionalization with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GP) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (AP) promoted strong covalent bonding with the epoxy matrix, while the hybrid filler’s three-dimensional architecture enhanced dispersion, formed a compact interphase, and acted as a moisture barrier. After 4&#xa0;months of saltwater immersion, the hybrid-coated basalt fiber/epoxy composite retained 80.83% of its initial flexural strength and 79.01% of its initial ILSS, along with a 48.11% decrease in water uptake. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an 8.52% increase in degradation temperature, and tribological tests revealed lower coefficient of friction and wear rate due to a stable lubricating tribofilm. SEM confirmed reduced microcracking, voids, and improved adhesion.</p>

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Synergistic Effects of Alumina–Graphene Hybrid Coatings on Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Composites for Long-Term Saltwater Durability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Vatsalya Raghuvanshi,
  • Srihari Dodla,
  • Debashis Khan

摘要

Basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites offer high strength, corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency for marine applications but suffer from weak fiber–matrix interfacial bonding due to the inert basalt surface. This limitation reduces flexural performance and accelerates mechanical, thermal, and tribological degradation under saltwater exposure. Unlike conventional single-filler or simple surface treatment methods, this work introduces a new synergistic silane-functionalized alumina–graphene hybrid coating that provides combined mechanical reinforcement, lubricity, and barrier protection. To develop this system, basalt fibers were modified with silane-functionalized alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) via dip-coating. Functionalization with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GP) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (AP) promoted strong covalent bonding with the epoxy matrix, while the hybrid filler’s three-dimensional architecture enhanced dispersion, formed a compact interphase, and acted as a moisture barrier. After 4 months of saltwater immersion, the hybrid-coated basalt fiber/epoxy composite retained 80.83% of its initial flexural strength and 79.01% of its initial ILSS, along with a 48.11% decrease in water uptake. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an 8.52% increase in degradation temperature, and tribological tests revealed lower coefficient of friction and wear rate due to a stable lubricating tribofilm. SEM confirmed reduced microcracking, voids, and improved adhesion.