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<p>This study investigates the effects of heat treatment parameters on the tensile strength of PETG specimens fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. Infill density, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment time were selected as key experimental variables. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze and optimize the relationships among these parameters. Tensile tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D638-14 standards. ANOVA results indicated that infill density was the most significant factor affecting tensile strength, followed by its interaction with heat treatment time and its quadratic effect. The highest tensile strength achieved was 51.35&#xa0;MPa at 100% infill, 90&#xa0;°C temperature, and 20 minutes of treatment. The regression model displayed high predictive accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9498), with a mean absolute error of 0.79&#xa0;MPa and a mean percent error of 1.72%. These findings demonstrate that appropriate post-processing significantly enhances the mechanical performance of FDM-printed PETG parts. The model developed in this study serves as a robust optimization framework to improve structural reliability in functional and industrial-grade FDM applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of Tensile Strength in Fused Deposition Modeling-Printed PETG Using Heat Treatment: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Beyza Erdoğan,
  • Emir Yiğitbaşı,
  • İdil Hoca,
  • Görkem Yumuşak

摘要

This study investigates the effects of heat treatment parameters on the tensile strength of PETG specimens fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. Infill density, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment time were selected as key experimental variables. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze and optimize the relationships among these parameters. Tensile tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D638-14 standards. ANOVA results indicated that infill density was the most significant factor affecting tensile strength, followed by its interaction with heat treatment time and its quadratic effect. The highest tensile strength achieved was 51.35 MPa at 100% infill, 90 °C temperature, and 20 minutes of treatment. The regression model displayed high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.9498), with a mean absolute error of 0.79 MPa and a mean percent error of 1.72%. These findings demonstrate that appropriate post-processing significantly enhances the mechanical performance of FDM-printed PETG parts. The model developed in this study serves as a robust optimization framework to improve structural reliability in functional and industrial-grade FDM applications.

Graphical Abstract