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<p>Future applications in building and aerospace engineering, lunar-base protective structures, and underbody shields of new-energy vehicles require structural materials with high specific strength and low weight. In this study, basalt fiber-aluminum laminate (BFAL) was fabricated using 6061 aluminum alloy, plain-woven basalt fiber fabric, and epoxy resin. Tensile tests at different temperatures were carried out on BFAL. Digital image correlation (DIC) and optical microscope (OM) were combined to systematically investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of BFAL. The results indicated that an increase in fiber volume fraction at 25&#xa0;°C led to a 16.28%-44.57% improvement in ultimate tensile strength compared with pure aluminum. Temperature exerts a significant influence on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of BFAL by modifying the properties of the constituent phases and their interfacial characteristics. The strength of the aluminum alloy is highly sensitive to temperature, whereas the strength of the basalt fibers varies only mildly. Owing to the stable load-bearing framework provided by the fibers at high volume fractions, BFAL can maintain relatively high tensile strength over a wide temperature range and therefore exhibits superior thermal stability. Fiber orientation exerts a pronounced influence on the tensile properties and failure modes of BFAL. 0°/90° layups exhibited an 18.21% higher ultimate tensile strength and a 29.41% lower fracture strain compared with ± 45° layups. The study revealed the coupling mechanism between temperature and fiber volume fraction, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the design of BFAL structures in extreme environments.</p>

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Experimental Study on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber-Aluminum Laminates under Various Temperature Environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Yaoyao Zhao,
  • Yajun Zhao

摘要

Future applications in building and aerospace engineering, lunar-base protective structures, and underbody shields of new-energy vehicles require structural materials with high specific strength and low weight. In this study, basalt fiber-aluminum laminate (BFAL) was fabricated using 6061 aluminum alloy, plain-woven basalt fiber fabric, and epoxy resin. Tensile tests at different temperatures were carried out on BFAL. Digital image correlation (DIC) and optical microscope (OM) were combined to systematically investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of BFAL. The results indicated that an increase in fiber volume fraction at 25 °C led to a 16.28%-44.57% improvement in ultimate tensile strength compared with pure aluminum. Temperature exerts a significant influence on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of BFAL by modifying the properties of the constituent phases and their interfacial characteristics. The strength of the aluminum alloy is highly sensitive to temperature, whereas the strength of the basalt fibers varies only mildly. Owing to the stable load-bearing framework provided by the fibers at high volume fractions, BFAL can maintain relatively high tensile strength over a wide temperature range and therefore exhibits superior thermal stability. Fiber orientation exerts a pronounced influence on the tensile properties and failure modes of BFAL. 0°/90° layups exhibited an 18.21% higher ultimate tensile strength and a 29.41% lower fracture strain compared with ± 45° layups. The study revealed the coupling mechanism between temperature and fiber volume fraction, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the design of BFAL structures in extreme environments.