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<p>Cu additions to austenitic stainless steel enhance properties such as thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly effective, though their impact depends on the processing technique, which controls their distribution within the microstructure and influences material properties. The present study contributes to this discussion as it addresses the relationship between chemical composition, microstructure, and wear performance. Cu was added to stainless steel powder in three forms: Cu microparticles (1 and 5 wt.% Cu MP), Cu nanoparticles (1 wt.% Cu NP), and CuO nanoparticles (1 wt.% CuO NP). Plasma transferred arc (PTA-DED) was used to fabricate single walls, and it achieved powder catchment efficiency above 93% and cross-section density over 99.85%. As-deposited microstructure analysis revealed grain refinement following Cu additions. Additionally, heat treatment of the richer Cu deposits induced a hardening effect due to Cu precipitation. Sliding wear tests used a 100Cr6 ball-on-disk at 5.0 N, 125&#xa0;rpm, and 2500 laps. Results revealed that Cu content plays a more important role in wear performance than grain refinement alone. Higher Cu content promoted adhesive interactions, facilitating the formation of an oxide tribolayer, which acts as a barrier against abrasive wear, reducing COF and wear coefficient.</p>

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Effect of Cu Additions on Microstructure and Wear Performance of AISI 316L Manufactured by PTA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Gustavo Scheid Prass,
  • Ana Sofia C. M. d’Oliveira

摘要

Cu additions to austenitic stainless steel enhance properties such as thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly effective, though their impact depends on the processing technique, which controls their distribution within the microstructure and influences material properties. The present study contributes to this discussion as it addresses the relationship between chemical composition, microstructure, and wear performance. Cu was added to stainless steel powder in three forms: Cu microparticles (1 and 5 wt.% Cu MP), Cu nanoparticles (1 wt.% Cu NP), and CuO nanoparticles (1 wt.% CuO NP). Plasma transferred arc (PTA-DED) was used to fabricate single walls, and it achieved powder catchment efficiency above 93% and cross-section density over 99.85%. As-deposited microstructure analysis revealed grain refinement following Cu additions. Additionally, heat treatment of the richer Cu deposits induced a hardening effect due to Cu precipitation. Sliding wear tests used a 100Cr6 ball-on-disk at 5.0 N, 125 rpm, and 2500 laps. Results revealed that Cu content plays a more important role in wear performance than grain refinement alone. Higher Cu content promoted adhesive interactions, facilitating the formation of an oxide tribolayer, which acts as a barrier against abrasive wear, reducing COF and wear coefficient.