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<p>PM60 powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS) is an ultra-pure high-speed steel produced by powder metallurgy, containing over 30% alloying elements, with cobalt (Co) content exceeding 10%. This study primarily investigates the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of PM60 PM HSS, which underwent vacuum high-pressure gas quenching at 1120, 1150, and 1180&#xa0;°C, followed by three rounds of high-temperature tempering at 540, 560, and 580 °C, respectively. The results show that the microstructure after heat treatment consists of tempered martensite, residual austenite, and two types of carbides with different contrast levels. PM60 PM HSS achieves a hardness of over 69 HRC at all three quenching temperatures, and the hardness gradually decreases with increasing tempering temperature and number of tempering cycles. The bending strength first increases and then decreases after quenching, with a significant increase after tempering. The optimal process performance, using a three-stage preheating + 1150&#xa0;°C for 15 minutes quenching + 560&#xa0;°C for 90 minutes tempering three times, results in a hardness of 67.9 HRC, a bending strength of 4232&#xa0;MPa, and a carbide content of 27.07%. The carbides are finely and evenly distributed, with the best microstructure and comprehensive mechanical properties.</p>

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Effect of Vacuum Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PM60 Powder Metallurgy High-Speed Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Longbin Wang,
  • Chao Li,
  • Yuanxin Wang

摘要

PM60 powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS) is an ultra-pure high-speed steel produced by powder metallurgy, containing over 30% alloying elements, with cobalt (Co) content exceeding 10%. This study primarily investigates the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of PM60 PM HSS, which underwent vacuum high-pressure gas quenching at 1120, 1150, and 1180 °C, followed by three rounds of high-temperature tempering at 540, 560, and 580 °C, respectively. The results show that the microstructure after heat treatment consists of tempered martensite, residual austenite, and two types of carbides with different contrast levels. PM60 PM HSS achieves a hardness of over 69 HRC at all three quenching temperatures, and the hardness gradually decreases with increasing tempering temperature and number of tempering cycles. The bending strength first increases and then decreases after quenching, with a significant increase after tempering. The optimal process performance, using a three-stage preheating + 1150 °C for 15 minutes quenching + 560 °C for 90 minutes tempering three times, results in a hardness of 67.9 HRC, a bending strength of 4232 MPa, and a carbide content of 27.07%. The carbides are finely and evenly distributed, with the best microstructure and comprehensive mechanical properties.