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<p>The reuse of end-of-life tires (ELTs) in high-value applications presents both an environmental need and an opportunity for sustainable material development. This study establishes a fully numerical framework for designing eco-smart composites based on recycled rubber (80&#xa0;wt.% ELTs with 20&#xa0;wt.% natural rubber binder) reinforced with 0-12% aluminum powder. Experimental stress–strain data from the literature were used to calibrate the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic behavior of the matrix. A multiscale homogenization procedure in DIGIMAT was performed to predict effective properties across different aluminum fractions, and the homogenized response was implemented in ABAQUS to model intelligent structural components. A laminated plate with surface-mounted piezoelectric layers was analyzed to assess the influence of aluminum content and patch placement on mechanical and electromechanical performance. Results show that adding 12% aluminum nearly doubles tensile strength, increases hardness by ~ 25%, and enhances stiffness by ~ 30%, while reduced strain transfer limits piezoelectric voltage output. Compared to conventional aluminum plates, the recycled composite offers lower stiffness but superior damping and up to 12% higher energy-harvesting efficiency. The work demonstrates that a fully digital multiscale workflow can reliably evaluate eco-smart composites for sustainable structural applications.</p>

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Numerical Design of Eco-Intelligent Structures from Recycled Rubber and Aluminum Powder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Hajer Ellouz,
  • Abir Bouhamed,
  • Hanen Jrad

摘要

The reuse of end-of-life tires (ELTs) in high-value applications presents both an environmental need and an opportunity for sustainable material development. This study establishes a fully numerical framework for designing eco-smart composites based on recycled rubber (80 wt.% ELTs with 20 wt.% natural rubber binder) reinforced with 0-12% aluminum powder. Experimental stress–strain data from the literature were used to calibrate the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic behavior of the matrix. A multiscale homogenization procedure in DIGIMAT was performed to predict effective properties across different aluminum fractions, and the homogenized response was implemented in ABAQUS to model intelligent structural components. A laminated plate with surface-mounted piezoelectric layers was analyzed to assess the influence of aluminum content and patch placement on mechanical and electromechanical performance. Results show that adding 12% aluminum nearly doubles tensile strength, increases hardness by ~ 25%, and enhances stiffness by ~ 30%, while reduced strain transfer limits piezoelectric voltage output. Compared to conventional aluminum plates, the recycled composite offers lower stiffness but superior damping and up to 12% higher energy-harvesting efficiency. The work demonstrates that a fully digital multiscale workflow can reliably evaluate eco-smart composites for sustainable structural applications.