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<p>The 316L/Ni/Ti6Al4V functionally graded material (FGM) samples with Ni composition gradient of 25 vol.% were designed and fabricated by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. Within the 316L/Ni gradient region, the microstructure showed a trend of transition from cellular grains to dendrites, and then back to cellular grains as the Ni content increased. Within the Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region, several types of Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as TiNi<sub>3</sub>, TiNi and Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni, were formed. The microhardness displayed a linear reduction trend as the Ni content increased within the 316L/Ni gradient region, and it reached maximum value of 586.1 HV<sub>0.5</sub> in the 75 vol.% Ni + 25 vol.% Ti6Al4V region within the Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region. The fabricated 316L/Ni/Ti6Al4V FGM had an average tensile strength of 225.4 ± 10.7&#xa0;MPa and an average elongation of 0.96 ± 0.11%, both higher than those of the 316L/Ti6Al4V bimetallic structure (BS) with Ni interlayer fabricated by L-DED<b>.</b> The 316L/Ni and Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region samples, and 316L/Ti6Al4V BS with Ni interlayer had average compressive strengths of 1166.4, 666.0, and 700.8&#xa0;MPa, respectively.</p>

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the 316L/Ni/Ti6Al4V FGM Fabricated by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Yuan Sui,
  • Junqi Shen,
  • Shengsun Hu,
  • Changle Sun,
  • Naisheng Hu,
  • Keping Geng

摘要

The 316L/Ni/Ti6Al4V functionally graded material (FGM) samples with Ni composition gradient of 25 vol.% were designed and fabricated by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. Within the 316L/Ni gradient region, the microstructure showed a trend of transition from cellular grains to dendrites, and then back to cellular grains as the Ni content increased. Within the Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region, several types of Ni-Ti intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as TiNi3, TiNi and Ti2Ni, were formed. The microhardness displayed a linear reduction trend as the Ni content increased within the 316L/Ni gradient region, and it reached maximum value of 586.1 HV0.5 in the 75 vol.% Ni + 25 vol.% Ti6Al4V region within the Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region. The fabricated 316L/Ni/Ti6Al4V FGM had an average tensile strength of 225.4 ± 10.7 MPa and an average elongation of 0.96 ± 0.11%, both higher than those of the 316L/Ti6Al4V bimetallic structure (BS) with Ni interlayer fabricated by L-DED. The 316L/Ni and Ni/Ti6Al4V gradient region samples, and 316L/Ti6Al4V BS with Ni interlayer had average compressive strengths of 1166.4, 666.0, and 700.8 MPa, respectively.