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<p>This study investigates the microstructures and mechanical properties of steel processed through single versus double annealing. Double annealing (II) effectively refines prior austenite grains, increases bainite volume fraction, and reduces fresh martensite content compared to single annealing (I). The tempered martensite in double-annealed steel exhibits uniformly dispersed needle-shaped cementite particles, contrasting with the coarse, tadpole-shaped carbides in single-annealed steel, which reflect localized carbon accumulation. Notably, double annealing suppresses banded martensite formation in edge regions and reduces the decarburization layer thickness due to enhanced carbon homogenization during secondary annealing. Double-annealed steel shows a softened response, with tensile strength and yield strength decreasing by 3.7 and 3%, respectively, attributed to higher bainite content and reduced dislocation density. Conversely, ductility and bendability improve significantly, driven by suppressed martensite embrittlement and bainite-mediated strain accommodation. The triplex microstructure with ferrite, bainite, and dispersed martensite enhances crack resistance by impeding propagation paths, while refined carbides in tempered martensite delay failure initiation. These findings highlight double annealing as a promising route for optimizing structural uniformity, stress redistribution, and bending performance in advanced steel processing.</p>

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Effect of Different Annealing Strategies on Microstructures Characteristic and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Yinghua Jiang,
  • Yajun Hui,
  • Yun Han

摘要

This study investigates the microstructures and mechanical properties of steel processed through single versus double annealing. Double annealing (II) effectively refines prior austenite grains, increases bainite volume fraction, and reduces fresh martensite content compared to single annealing (I). The tempered martensite in double-annealed steel exhibits uniformly dispersed needle-shaped cementite particles, contrasting with the coarse, tadpole-shaped carbides in single-annealed steel, which reflect localized carbon accumulation. Notably, double annealing suppresses banded martensite formation in edge regions and reduces the decarburization layer thickness due to enhanced carbon homogenization during secondary annealing. Double-annealed steel shows a softened response, with tensile strength and yield strength decreasing by 3.7 and 3%, respectively, attributed to higher bainite content and reduced dislocation density. Conversely, ductility and bendability improve significantly, driven by suppressed martensite embrittlement and bainite-mediated strain accommodation. The triplex microstructure with ferrite, bainite, and dispersed martensite enhances crack resistance by impeding propagation paths, while refined carbides in tempered martensite delay failure initiation. These findings highlight double annealing as a promising route for optimizing structural uniformity, stress redistribution, and bending performance in advanced steel processing.