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<p>Cadmium tin oxide, Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>, thin films were prepared using sputtering with a DC magnetron. A set of films was prepared under different DC sputtering powers (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 watt). The structural features of these films were investigated using x-ray diffraction, and the optical characteristics of the produced films were characterized using a double-beam spectrophotometer. In the spectral region (250-2500&#xa0;nm), both the transmittance and reflectance of Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> thin films were determined. It was found that a high transmittance of 80% was obtained in the visible region and increased with increasing DC sputtering power. Furthermore, obvious absorbance increased in the range 750-2500&#xa0;nm for films deposited at DC powers of 10, 25, and 50 watt. The band gap increased from 2.72 to 3.77&#xa0;eV with increasing sputtering power as well as carrier density. The refractive index showed a normal dispersion. In addition, the behaviors of the optical conductivity <i>σ</i><sub><i>opt</i></sub>, dielectric constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ε</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, volume energy loss (VELF) and surface energy loss (SELF), and nonlinear optical characteristics were studied.</p>

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Impact of DC Power on the Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Deposited Cd2SnO4 Thin Films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Sara A. Mohamed,
  • M. M. Abd El-Raheem,
  • H. A. Mohamed,
  • M. A. Awad

摘要

Cadmium tin oxide, Cd2SnO4, thin films were prepared using sputtering with a DC magnetron. A set of films was prepared under different DC sputtering powers (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 watt). The structural features of these films were investigated using x-ray diffraction, and the optical characteristics of the produced films were characterized using a double-beam spectrophotometer. In the spectral region (250-2500 nm), both the transmittance and reflectance of Cd2SnO4 thin films were determined. It was found that a high transmittance of 80% was obtained in the visible region and increased with increasing DC sputtering power. Furthermore, obvious absorbance increased in the range 750-2500 nm for films deposited at DC powers of 10, 25, and 50 watt. The band gap increased from 2.72 to 3.77 eV with increasing sputtering power as well as carrier density. The refractive index showed a normal dispersion. In addition, the behaviors of the optical conductivity σopt, dielectric constant \(\varepsilon\) ε , volume energy loss (VELF) and surface energy loss (SELF), and nonlinear optical characteristics were studied.