<p>This study analyzes the fundamentals of pipe bending without mandrels and precisely pinpoints the critical elements that affect its forming quality in order to fully explore the inherent link between process parameters and formability in the pipe bending process without mandrels. After that, it creates a parametric finite element modeling plug-in for ABAQUS secondary development that is based on Python. This significantly increases modeling efficiency and accuracy while also lowering modeling expenses. In order to confirm the model's dependability, the experimental and finite element simulation analysis findings were closely contrasted. We further examined the formability of pipes during bending without a mandrel using a dependable model, thoroughly examining the degree to which formability is influenced by known critical elements. By means of thorough examination, it offers a crucial theoretical foundation and useful recommendations for enhancing the forming quality and streamlining the pipe bending procedure without a mandrel.</p>