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<p>Additive manufacturing (AM) of dissimilar stainless steels presents significant challenges in accurately predicting mechanical behavior due to compositional gradients, heterogeneous microstructures, and nonlinear deformation characteristics. In this study, a bimetallic wall structure composed of SS347 and SS308L was fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and evaluated for its mechanical performance. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on specimens taken from both monolithic regions and across the bimetallic interface. The true stress–strain behavior was characterized using the Ramberg–Osgood (RO) model to describe the elastic–plastic transition. The bimetallic wall exhibited superior mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength of 632&#xa0;MPa, yield strength of 359&#xa0;MPa, and Young’s modulus of 220&#xa0;GPa outperforming monolithic SS308L (616&#xa0;MPa, 224&#xa0;MPa, 200&#xa0;GPa) and SS347 (525&#xa0;MPa, 219&#xa0;MPa, 194&#xa0;GPa). The strain hardening exponent of 8.59 indicated stable plastic deformation behavior. Predictions from the RO model closely matched the experimental results, with coefficients of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.9709 for SS308L, 0.9592 for SS347, and 0.9157 for the bimetallic wall. Fracture initiation consistently occurred in the SS308L region, highlighting mechanical heterogeneity near the interface. Overall, the study confirms the suitability of the Ramberg–Osgood model for deformation analysis in WAAM-fabricated bimetallic structures and demonstrates the structural reliability of SS308L–SS347 combinations for load-bearing application.</p>

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A Framework to Formulate Stress–Strain Plot for Additively Developed Bimetal Wall via Ramberg-Osgood Equation: Relationship between Experiments and Microstructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Dhinakaran Veeman,
  • Kanishkaa Jeevaraj,
  • Mohith Mohan Das,
  • Pechimuthu Arumugaperumal,
  • Micheal Agnelo Browne,
  • Mohan Kumar Subramaniyan

摘要

Additive manufacturing (AM) of dissimilar stainless steels presents significant challenges in accurately predicting mechanical behavior due to compositional gradients, heterogeneous microstructures, and nonlinear deformation characteristics. In this study, a bimetallic wall structure composed of SS347 and SS308L was fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and evaluated for its mechanical performance. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on specimens taken from both monolithic regions and across the bimetallic interface. The true stress–strain behavior was characterized using the Ramberg–Osgood (RO) model to describe the elastic–plastic transition. The bimetallic wall exhibited superior mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength of 632 MPa, yield strength of 359 MPa, and Young’s modulus of 220 GPa outperforming monolithic SS308L (616 MPa, 224 MPa, 200 GPa) and SS347 (525 MPa, 219 MPa, 194 GPa). The strain hardening exponent of 8.59 indicated stable plastic deformation behavior. Predictions from the RO model closely matched the experimental results, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9709 for SS308L, 0.9592 for SS347, and 0.9157 for the bimetallic wall. Fracture initiation consistently occurred in the SS308L region, highlighting mechanical heterogeneity near the interface. Overall, the study confirms the suitability of the Ramberg–Osgood model for deformation analysis in WAAM-fabricated bimetallic structures and demonstrates the structural reliability of SS308L–SS347 combinations for load-bearing application.