Influence of Print Orientation on 3D-Printed Dental Crowns: An Experimental Evaluation of Support Structures, Surface, and Dimensional Quality
摘要
Print orientation in 3D printing plays a critical role in determining the quantity and placement of support structures, which can influence material usage, post-processing effort, and surface quality. In LCD-based additive manufacturing, slicer-generated supports are often excessive and suboptimal. This study investigates the effect of print orientation on support structure generation for 3D-printed dental crowns. A total of 49 print trials were conducted using seven distinct orientations on both the X and Y axes. The MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) method, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, was applied to identify the optimal print orientation based on key parameters such as printing time, support quantity, material usage, and cost. Experimental validation confirmed that a 90° X-axis and 45° Y-axis orientation minimized support requirements, enabling successful crown fabrication using a single support structure. Surface roughness, mesiodistal width (MD), and buccolingual width (BL) of the printed crowns were also measured and compared with conventionally fabricated crowns produced via investment and centrifugal casting. Results demonstrated superior surface quality and comparable dimensional accuracy in the LCD-printed crowns, with minimal deviation from the commercial polished crowns. This study underscores the importance of build orientation optimization in enhancing print efficiency, reducing post-processing, and improving the quality of dental prosthetics. The findings offer valuable insights for advancing cost-effective and high-precision additive manufacturing in clinical dentistry.