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<p>Lightweight FeMnAlC steels offer attractive strength-to-weight ratios for structural applications; yet, excessive additions of lightweighting elements can degrade mechanical performance. Here, we balance weight reduction and mechanical properties in Fe-24Mn-<i>x</i>Al-0.85C steels by varying Al from 6 to 10 wt.%. Density, microstructure, and deformation behavior were characterized using optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EBSD, and uniaxial tensile testing. Increasing Al lowers density and raises the stacking fault energy (SFE), thereby shifting the dominant deformation mechanisms. Higher Al promotes grain refinement by enhancing recrystallization nucleation while retarding grain boundary migration, producing finer grains and a higher density of annealing twins. Mechanically, the 8 wt.% Al alloy delivers the best strength–ductility synergy, with an elongation of 58.0% and a strength–ductility product of 49.8 GPa%, whereas the 10 wt.% Al alloy attains the highest tensile strength (996&#xa0;MPa) but reduced ductility. These results identify an intermediate Al level as optimal for maximizing specific strength without sacrificing formability.</p>

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Effect of Al Content on Microstructure, Deformation Mechanisms, and Strength–Ductility in Lightweight Fe-24Mn-xAl-0.85C Steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Haowen Peng,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Shifeng Liu,
  • Changjun Wang,
  • Chunxu Wang

摘要

Lightweight FeMnAlC steels offer attractive strength-to-weight ratios for structural applications; yet, excessive additions of lightweighting elements can degrade mechanical performance. Here, we balance weight reduction and mechanical properties in Fe-24Mn-xAl-0.85C steels by varying Al from 6 to 10 wt.%. Density, microstructure, and deformation behavior were characterized using optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EBSD, and uniaxial tensile testing. Increasing Al lowers density and raises the stacking fault energy (SFE), thereby shifting the dominant deformation mechanisms. Higher Al promotes grain refinement by enhancing recrystallization nucleation while retarding grain boundary migration, producing finer grains and a higher density of annealing twins. Mechanically, the 8 wt.% Al alloy delivers the best strength–ductility synergy, with an elongation of 58.0% and a strength–ductility product of 49.8 GPa%, whereas the 10 wt.% Al alloy attains the highest tensile strength (996 MPa) but reduced ductility. These results identify an intermediate Al level as optimal for maximizing specific strength without sacrificing formability.