<p>7075-<i>x</i>TiB₂ (<i>x</i> = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, wt.%) composites were prepared by hot-pressing sintering and heat treatment processes. The influence mechanism of TiB₂ particles on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of the composites was investigated. The results indicate that TiB₂ particles are mainly distributed at grain boundaries, which inhibit the movement of grain boundaries, suppress the growth of grains, and thus achieve the grain refinement. Moreover, TiB₂ hinders solute diffusion and affects the formation of precipitated phases. Due to the combined effects of grain refinement strengthening and dispersion strengthening, the tensile strength of the 7075-6TiB₂ composite was increased to its peak value, showing a 19.2% improvement compared to the 7075 aluminum alloy. The friction coefficient and wear rate of 7075-TiB₂ composites are significantly lower than those of 7075 aluminum alloy. Improved wear resistance was exhibited by the 7075-9TiB₂ composite, with the coefficient of friction and wear rate reduced by 21.67% and 45.10%, respectively, compared to the 7075 aluminum alloy. 7075 aluminum alloy is mainly subjected to abrasive wear and adhesive wear, while 7075-9TiB₂ composites mainly undergo abrasive wear. TiB₂ hard particles can share some loads, resist abrasive cutting, and thus enhance the wear resistance of composites. Compared to aluminum alloys, the composites with appropriate TiB₂ particles exhibit significant advantages in mechanical properties and wear resistance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>