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<p>The integration of sustainable materials with 3D printing technology offers a state-of-the-art process for developing advanced composites with improved performance and ecofriendly characteristics. The present work presents a novel approach for manufacturing 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites incorporating agave sisalana unidirectional continuous fibers in a sandwich structure. The manufacturing process involved the precise alignment of continuous fibers during the 3D printing process, confirming robust interfacial bonding and uniform stress distribution. The unique structural design benefits from interaction between biodegradable PLA and high tensile strength of agave sisalana fibers for achieving excellent mechanical properties and sustainability. To design experiments, Taguchi L18-based orthogonal array was used for optimizing printing parameters (layer height, nozzle temperature and printing speed). The sandwiched composites were evaluated for their mechanical, thermo-mechanical and morphological properties. Further, an innovative artificial neural network (ANN) model improved with slime mold algorithm (ASMA) and opposition-based learning (OBL) was utilized to overcome limitations of traditional methods. The fiber sandwiched structures showed highest tensile strength of 42.24&#xa0;MPa at 0.20&#xa0;mm layer height, 210&#xa0;°C nozzle temperature and 0.40&#xa0;mm/sec printing speed, further validated through hybrid ASMA and ANN model. SEM images show good interfacial bonding between fiber and PLA layers. The results are supported with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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On Novel Sandwiching of Agave Sisalana Waste into Polylactic Acid by Machine Learning-Assisted 3D Printing for Manufacturing Sustainable Structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Mohit Kumar,
  • Ranvijay Kumar,
  • Govind Vashishtha,
  • Sumika Chauhan,
  • Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,
  • Suchart Siengchin

摘要

The integration of sustainable materials with 3D printing technology offers a state-of-the-art process for developing advanced composites with improved performance and ecofriendly characteristics. The present work presents a novel approach for manufacturing 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites incorporating agave sisalana unidirectional continuous fibers in a sandwich structure. The manufacturing process involved the precise alignment of continuous fibers during the 3D printing process, confirming robust interfacial bonding and uniform stress distribution. The unique structural design benefits from interaction between biodegradable PLA and high tensile strength of agave sisalana fibers for achieving excellent mechanical properties and sustainability. To design experiments, Taguchi L18-based orthogonal array was used for optimizing printing parameters (layer height, nozzle temperature and printing speed). The sandwiched composites were evaluated for their mechanical, thermo-mechanical and morphological properties. Further, an innovative artificial neural network (ANN) model improved with slime mold algorithm (ASMA) and opposition-based learning (OBL) was utilized to overcome limitations of traditional methods. The fiber sandwiched structures showed highest tensile strength of 42.24 MPa at 0.20 mm layer height, 210 °C nozzle temperature and 0.40 mm/sec printing speed, further validated through hybrid ASMA and ANN model. SEM images show good interfacial bonding between fiber and PLA layers. The results are supported with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

Graphical Abstract