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<p>Renowned for its exceptional tensile strength, toughness, and hardness, rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel plays a critical role in defense applications, particularly in armored vehicles requiring ballistic impact resistance. This investigation utilizes the innovative weighted grey-WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making approach to analyze abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of RHA steel. The study focuses on optimizing key process parameters—waterjet pressure (P/200–280&#xa0;MPa), jet traverse speed (JTS/5–15&#xa0;mm/min), and standoff distance (SoD/2–4&#xa0;mm)—to enhance machining performance by minimizing kerf taper angle (KTA) and surface roughness (SR). The research aims to establish parameter combinations that improve precision and surface quality in defense-grade steel machining. A Taguchi L27 design guided the experiments, with a weighted grey approach used to determine output parameter weights and ANOVA to assess each input parameter’s contribution. JTS emerged as the most influential factor, followed by SoD. The novel weighted grey-WASPAS approach identified the optimal parameter combination as SoD = 2&#xa0;mm, JTS = 15&#xa0;mm/min, and <i>P</i> = 280&#xa0;MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been employed to assess specimen morphology and surface characteristics. SEM analysis confirmed that jet lag and non-uniform material removal processes, including scooping and plowing, amplified SR, especially near the jet exit zone. The findings indicate that optimizing pressure and abrasive flow rate significantly improves surface finish and dimensional accuracy in AWJM of armor steel, providing valuable insights for precision engineering applications.</p>

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Experimental Study on Parametric Impact for Precision Machining of Armor Steel Using Abrasive Water Jet Machining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Jayant Raj,
  • SM Pandey

摘要

Renowned for its exceptional tensile strength, toughness, and hardness, rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel plays a critical role in defense applications, particularly in armored vehicles requiring ballistic impact resistance. This investigation utilizes the innovative weighted grey-WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making approach to analyze abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) of RHA steel. The study focuses on optimizing key process parameters—waterjet pressure (P/200–280 MPa), jet traverse speed (JTS/5–15 mm/min), and standoff distance (SoD/2–4 mm)—to enhance machining performance by minimizing kerf taper angle (KTA) and surface roughness (SR). The research aims to establish parameter combinations that improve precision and surface quality in defense-grade steel machining. A Taguchi L27 design guided the experiments, with a weighted grey approach used to determine output parameter weights and ANOVA to assess each input parameter’s contribution. JTS emerged as the most influential factor, followed by SoD. The novel weighted grey-WASPAS approach identified the optimal parameter combination as SoD = 2 mm, JTS = 15 mm/min, and P = 280 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been employed to assess specimen morphology and surface characteristics. SEM analysis confirmed that jet lag and non-uniform material removal processes, including scooping and plowing, amplified SR, especially near the jet exit zone. The findings indicate that optimizing pressure and abrasive flow rate significantly improves surface finish and dimensional accuracy in AWJM of armor steel, providing valuable insights for precision engineering applications.