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<p>This study presents a preliminary investigation into the fabrication and characterization of a functionally graded material (FGM) interface between stainless-steel 316L and stainless-steel 347, developed using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The work focuses on evaluating the microstructural features and mechanical behavior of the transition zone formed between these two dissimilar materials. The objective is to explore the feasibility of creating metallurgically bonded graded structures using an arc-based additive technique. Detailed analysis of the fabricated walls revealed a strong and defect-free interface, with a dual-phase microstructure comprising austenite and <i>δ</i>-ferrite, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical testing showed an improved tensile strength of 542.8 ± 6.4&#xa0;MPa, along with good ductility, attributed to the microstructural evolution driven by the thermal cycles during deposition. While not a fully continuous gradient, the results demonstrate a functional transition zone, offering enhanced performance compared to conventional dissimilar welds. This foundational study highlights the potential of WAAM for producing robust graded interfaces and opens pathways for further research into more advanced FGMs for structural application.</p>

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Characterization and Testing of Functionally Graded Material (SS 347-SS 316L) Fabricated through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Dhinakaran Veeman,
  • Lei Guo,
  • Micheal Agnelo Browne,
  • Bhavankumar Padmanaban,
  • Mohith Mohan Das,
  • Mohan Kumar Subramaniyan

摘要

This study presents a preliminary investigation into the fabrication and characterization of a functionally graded material (FGM) interface between stainless-steel 316L and stainless-steel 347, developed using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The work focuses on evaluating the microstructural features and mechanical behavior of the transition zone formed between these two dissimilar materials. The objective is to explore the feasibility of creating metallurgically bonded graded structures using an arc-based additive technique. Detailed analysis of the fabricated walls revealed a strong and defect-free interface, with a dual-phase microstructure comprising austenite and δ-ferrite, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical testing showed an improved tensile strength of 542.8 ± 6.4 MPa, along with good ductility, attributed to the microstructural evolution driven by the thermal cycles during deposition. While not a fully continuous gradient, the results demonstrate a functional transition zone, offering enhanced performance compared to conventional dissimilar welds. This foundational study highlights the potential of WAAM for producing robust graded interfaces and opens pathways for further research into more advanced FGMs for structural application.