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Abstract <p>Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) thick-plate welding faces challenges of low efficiency, high brittleness, and pronounced cracking susceptibility. A novel narrow-gap swing arc cold metal transfer plus pulse (NGSA-CMT) process employing ER316L austenitic filler wire was applied to join AISI420 MSS thick plates. The joint integrity was comprehensively assessed via microstructure characterization (OM/SEM/EBSD), phase analysis (XRD/EDS), microhardness profiling, and tensile testing. The results indicate that defect-free welds were achieved under low heat input with a 6&#xa0;mm arc oscillation amplitude. Weld metal exhibited austenitic columnar dendrites with skeletal δ-ferrite, while HAZ contained martensite/carbides. High heat input induced centerline solidification cracks and HAZ liquefaction cracks. Peak microhardness occurred in HAZ near the fusion line. Notably, tensile strength of low-heat-input joints matched the base metal, fracturing ductilely in BM. NGSA-CMT with ER316L filler enables high-quality MSS thick-plate welding by eliminating fusion defects through swing arc optimization.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Narrow-Gap Welding of Martensitic Stainless Steel Thick Plates by Cold Metal Transition Pulse Swing Arc

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Wei Meng,
  • Lijian Jia,
  • Kai Chen,
  • Guoliang Liu,
  • Qunshuang Ma,
  • Hu Xie,
  • Xiaohui Yin

摘要

Abstract

Martensitic stainless steel (MSS) thick-plate welding faces challenges of low efficiency, high brittleness, and pronounced cracking susceptibility. A novel narrow-gap swing arc cold metal transfer plus pulse (NGSA-CMT) process employing ER316L austenitic filler wire was applied to join AISI420 MSS thick plates. The joint integrity was comprehensively assessed via microstructure characterization (OM/SEM/EBSD), phase analysis (XRD/EDS), microhardness profiling, and tensile testing. The results indicate that defect-free welds were achieved under low heat input with a 6 mm arc oscillation amplitude. Weld metal exhibited austenitic columnar dendrites with skeletal δ-ferrite, while HAZ contained martensite/carbides. High heat input induced centerline solidification cracks and HAZ liquefaction cracks. Peak microhardness occurred in HAZ near the fusion line. Notably, tensile strength of low-heat-input joints matched the base metal, fracturing ductilely in BM. NGSA-CMT with ER316L filler enables high-quality MSS thick-plate welding by eliminating fusion defects through swing arc optimization.

Graphical Abstract