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<p>Conventional arc welding of low-carbon steel (LCS) often results in challenges such as extensive edge preparation, porosity, inadequate sidewall fusion, and a broad heat-affected zone, compromising joint integrity. To address these issues, this study explores the potential of rotating arc gas metal arc welding (RA-GMAW) as an advanced welding technique to enhance weld quality. The study investigates the RA-GMAW process on 6&#xa0;mm thick AISI 1020 steel plates, focusing on the influence of arc rotation speed (ARS), arc rotating diameter (ARD), and gas flow rate (GFR). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize process parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results reveal ARS as the most influential factor, followed by ARD and GFR. EBSD analysis demonstrates that increased ARS leads to finer grains and higher proportions of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), enhancing mechanical properties. The EBSD results indicated that the welded sample 10 (1500&#xa0;rpm, 5&#xa0;mm, 14&#xa0;l/min) shows a fine grain structure with an AGS of 5.09 ± 0.11&#xa0;µm and a HAGB fraction of 54.12%. The optimized welding parameters, consisting of an ARS of 1500&#xa0;rpm, ARD of 5&#xa0;mm, and GFR of 14&#xa0;l/min, yielded superior mechanical properties, including a maximum tensile strength of approximately 491&#xa0;MPa, an elongation of around 15.4%, and a fusion zone hardness of about 208 HV. The RA-GMAW joint demonstrated an increase in tensile strength of 5.59% compared to the base metal and 26.1% compared to the non-rotating GMAW joint, highlighting the effectiveness of the RA-GMAW process in producing high-quality welds. </p>

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Consequence of Rotating Arc GMAW Welding Parameters on Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints of Low Carbon Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Anshika Gupta,
  • N. Yuvraj,
  • Vipin

摘要

Conventional arc welding of low-carbon steel (LCS) often results in challenges such as extensive edge preparation, porosity, inadequate sidewall fusion, and a broad heat-affected zone, compromising joint integrity. To address these issues, this study explores the potential of rotating arc gas metal arc welding (RA-GMAW) as an advanced welding technique to enhance weld quality. The study investigates the RA-GMAW process on 6 mm thick AISI 1020 steel plates, focusing on the influence of arc rotation speed (ARS), arc rotating diameter (ARD), and gas flow rate (GFR). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize process parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results reveal ARS as the most influential factor, followed by ARD and GFR. EBSD analysis demonstrates that increased ARS leads to finer grains and higher proportions of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), enhancing mechanical properties. The EBSD results indicated that the welded sample 10 (1500 rpm, 5 mm, 14 l/min) shows a fine grain structure with an AGS of 5.09 ± 0.11 µm and a HAGB fraction of 54.12%. The optimized welding parameters, consisting of an ARS of 1500 rpm, ARD of 5 mm, and GFR of 14 l/min, yielded superior mechanical properties, including a maximum tensile strength of approximately 491 MPa, an elongation of around 15.4%, and a fusion zone hardness of about 208 HV. The RA-GMAW joint demonstrated an increase in tensile strength of 5.59% compared to the base metal and 26.1% compared to the non-rotating GMAW joint, highlighting the effectiveness of the RA-GMAW process in producing high-quality welds.