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<p>This study presents a structured experimental investigation into the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) components fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM). Utilizing a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array, the effects of five critical process parameters—printing angle, layer height, line width, extrusion temperature, and printing speed—were systematically evaluated through uniaxial tensile testing. Standardized PLA specimens were produced using a FDM printer and tested to assess modulus of elasticity, ultimate tensile strength, strain at ultimate strength, and strain at fracture. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, identified the printing angle and layer height as the most influential parameters. Results show that printing angle and layer height significantly influence all mechanical properties. Predictive models, both linear and second-order, with <i>R</i>2 values exceeding 0.90 were developed for tensile strength and strain characteristics, enabling accurate estimation of anisotropic behavior in PLA parts. The study further visualized mechanical anisotropy using polar plots, revealing optimal mechanical performance when printing orientation aligned with the loading axis. These findings underscore the importance of process optimization in enhancing the structural reliability of FDM-printed PLA parts and provide robust predictive tools for design engineers in additive manufacturing.</p>

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Prediction of Anisotropic Mechanical Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures with Straight-Line Microstructure Using Taguchi Design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Stelios K. Georgantzinos,
  • Eleni Papadopoulou,
  • Panteleimon Bakalis

摘要

This study presents a structured experimental investigation into the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) components fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM). Utilizing a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array, the effects of five critical process parameters—printing angle, layer height, line width, extrusion temperature, and printing speed—were systematically evaluated through uniaxial tensile testing. Standardized PLA specimens were produced using a FDM printer and tested to assess modulus of elasticity, ultimate tensile strength, strain at ultimate strength, and strain at fracture. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, identified the printing angle and layer height as the most influential parameters. Results show that printing angle and layer height significantly influence all mechanical properties. Predictive models, both linear and second-order, with R2 values exceeding 0.90 were developed for tensile strength and strain characteristics, enabling accurate estimation of anisotropic behavior in PLA parts. The study further visualized mechanical anisotropy using polar plots, revealing optimal mechanical performance when printing orientation aligned with the loading axis. These findings underscore the importance of process optimization in enhancing the structural reliability of FDM-printed PLA parts and provide robust predictive tools for design engineers in additive manufacturing.