<p>Ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), as a new casting method, has been introduced in the Cu-Cr-Zr-ZrB₂ composites to improve the distribution of the reinforcing particles. The effects of the acoustic streaming and cavitation on the dry and current-carrying wear properties of as-cast and as-aged composites were investigated. Compared to the as-cast composites without UVT, the dispersed reinforcing phase and better interfacial strength between the reinforcing phase and the matrix avoid severe three-body wear during the wear process. As for as-aged composites, the reinforcing phases are well dispersed due to UVT processing and thermal deformation, enhancing the resistance to local deformation and improving wear layer stability. In the current-carrying wear system, the groove and plowing are observed on the wear surface of the Cu-1Cr-0.3Zr-1ZrB₂ composite, indicating that the increase in hardness of the composite converts the wear mechanism from adhesive wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear.</p>