<p>The compressive mechanical behavior of the AlTiZrNbTa refractory high-entropy alloy was systematically investigated under both quasi-static (1 × 10^-3 s^-1) and dynamic (2.2 × 10³ s^-1) conditions, and its fracture mechanisms and energetic characteristics were analyzed. Results reveal that the AlTiZrNbTa alloy exhibits outstanding mechanical properties with a yield strength of 1899.4 MPa, ultimate compressive strength of 2102.8 MPa, and fracture strain of 12.3%. Moreover, the alloy shows pronounced positive strain-rate sensitivity, demonstrating significantly enhanced strength and ductility under dynamic compression. Fractographic analysis reveals a strain-rate-dependent transition in failure mode. With increasing strain rate, temperature effects on deformation become pronounced, shifting the failure mechanism from brittle-ductile fracture to a viscous fracture mode. Due to its low thermal conductivity, dynamic deformation induces significant adiabatic temperature rises. Furthermore, this localized heating accelerates oxidation of the reactive metallic elements in the fragments upon exposure to air, thereby significantly enhancing the material’s energy release performance. These findings highlight the alloy’s combination of high strength, ductility, and energy release capability, suggesting its potential for advanced energetic structural materials and high-velocity penetrator applications.</p>