<p>Laser ablation leads to the formation of microtexture pits and their derivatives (heat-affected zones, annular prominences, and cobalt oxide films) on the hard alloy surface. Herein, a simulation model for the heat-affected zone is established. By employing simulation and experiment, the friction analysis of the samples with or without microtexture is methodically performed. In particular, the positive effect of changing the microstructure characteristics in the heat-affected zone on the surface stress distribution is analyzed through simulation experiments. The cobalt oxide film exhibits evidence of microstructure and properties changes in the heat-affected zone and plays the role of solid lubrication on the cemented carbide surface. The annular convex prolongs the contact time of the dual surface due to its morphology and hardness advantages. The microtexture pits are capable of effectively interrupting the continuity of the bonding layer as well as collecting and storing the abrasive debris. Under the influence of microtexture pits and their derivatives, the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the cemented carbide surface are enhanced by microtexture.</p>