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<p>This study presents a detailed investigation into the thermal, structural, and chemical degradation of polymer-based thermal protection systems (TPS) subjected to real-world rocket launch conditions. A comprehensive suite of techniques including XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM-EDS, AFM, TGA-DTA, DSC, NMR, and GC-MS was employed to analyze changes in both Pristine TPS and Thermally Affected TPS (TA-TPS). Exposure to extreme temperatures (~250-500&#xa0;°C) caused amorphization, oxidative cross-linking, polymer chain scission, and surface deterioration. XRD and FESEM confirmed crystallinity loss and microstructural damage, while FTIR and Raman spectra revealed formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups due to oxidation. Thermal analyses showed early decomposition onset (~250&#xa0;°C) and increased residual char (~40%), indicating substantial oxidative degradation. AFM data revealed a ~ 16-fold increase in nanoscale roughness (~80&#xa0;nm), correlating with adhesion loss. NMR and GC-MS detected polymer backbone cleavage and enhanced cross-linking density. Deep learning tools were integrated to automate phase identification, oxidation marker detection, and morphological segmentation, improving characterization efficiency. AI-based predictive modeling achieved ~ 98% concordance with experimental results, accurately forecasting degradation trends. These findings inform the design of next-generation TPS materials with enhanced thermal endurance, chemical stability, and aerospace-grade durability under high-temperature oxidative environments.</p>

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Experimental Investigation, Characterization, and Deep Learning-Driven Analysis of Polymer-Based Thermal Protection Systems for Space Rocket Launch Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Veerabhadram Gaddam,
  • C. Chandrasekhara Sastry,
  • Pullarao Muvvala,
  • P. A. Saravana Perumal

摘要

This study presents a detailed investigation into the thermal, structural, and chemical degradation of polymer-based thermal protection systems (TPS) subjected to real-world rocket launch conditions. A comprehensive suite of techniques including XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM-EDS, AFM, TGA-DTA, DSC, NMR, and GC-MS was employed to analyze changes in both Pristine TPS and Thermally Affected TPS (TA-TPS). Exposure to extreme temperatures (~250-500 °C) caused amorphization, oxidative cross-linking, polymer chain scission, and surface deterioration. XRD and FESEM confirmed crystallinity loss and microstructural damage, while FTIR and Raman spectra revealed formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups due to oxidation. Thermal analyses showed early decomposition onset (~250 °C) and increased residual char (~40%), indicating substantial oxidative degradation. AFM data revealed a ~ 16-fold increase in nanoscale roughness (~80 nm), correlating with adhesion loss. NMR and GC-MS detected polymer backbone cleavage and enhanced cross-linking density. Deep learning tools were integrated to automate phase identification, oxidation marker detection, and morphological segmentation, improving characterization efficiency. AI-based predictive modeling achieved ~ 98% concordance with experimental results, accurately forecasting degradation trends. These findings inform the design of next-generation TPS materials with enhanced thermal endurance, chemical stability, and aerospace-grade durability under high-temperature oxidative environments.