<p>A Ti/Al/Ti three-layered clad plate was successfully fabricated by one-step explosive welding technique. Interfacial microstructures were analyzed by electron microscopy and numerical simulations. Corresponding interfacial properties were revealed by microhardness and nanoindentation tests. Tensile properties were measured by in-situ tensile tests. The evolution of cracks and fracture behaviors during in-situ tensile testing were investigated. The initiation sites of micro-cracks were analyzed by characterization of microstructures and nanohardness at both the lower and upper bonding interfaces. The results show that initiation sites of cracks were located within the vortex of the lower bonding interface. With the increase in tensile deformation, the crack tip is preferentially extended toward the lower Ti layer. At that time, a new crack initiated within the vortex structure at the upper bonding interface. Finally, the crack penetrated into the Al layer from both sides, leading to complete fracture. Microstructural analysis revealed that both Ti and Al elements coexist at the fracture interface. Ti/Al intermetallic compounds were formed in vortex regions of both upper and lower interfaces. The vortex regions of the lower bonding interface were significantly larger than that of the upper bonding interface. The intermetallic formed in upper interface exhibited a nanohardness of 4.3&#xa0;GPa, whereas the one formed in lower interface exhibiting 5.7&#xa0;GPa. Differences on microstructures and nanohardness were discussed by the collision velocity and the kinetic energy loss during the explosive welding process.</p>

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In-Situ Tensile Fracture Behavior and Interface Microstructures in Ti/Al/Ti Three-Layered Explosive Clad Plate

  • Huhe Wang,
  • Yongpeng Shang,
  • Xiaojie Li,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Qian Liu

摘要

A Ti/Al/Ti three-layered clad plate was successfully fabricated by one-step explosive welding technique. Interfacial microstructures were analyzed by electron microscopy and numerical simulations. Corresponding interfacial properties were revealed by microhardness and nanoindentation tests. Tensile properties were measured by in-situ tensile tests. The evolution of cracks and fracture behaviors during in-situ tensile testing were investigated. The initiation sites of micro-cracks were analyzed by characterization of microstructures and nanohardness at both the lower and upper bonding interfaces. The results show that initiation sites of cracks were located within the vortex of the lower bonding interface. With the increase in tensile deformation, the crack tip is preferentially extended toward the lower Ti layer. At that time, a new crack initiated within the vortex structure at the upper bonding interface. Finally, the crack penetrated into the Al layer from both sides, leading to complete fracture. Microstructural analysis revealed that both Ti and Al elements coexist at the fracture interface. Ti/Al intermetallic compounds were formed in vortex regions of both upper and lower interfaces. The vortex regions of the lower bonding interface were significantly larger than that of the upper bonding interface. The intermetallic formed in upper interface exhibited a nanohardness of 4.3 GPa, whereas the one formed in lower interface exhibiting 5.7 GPa. Differences on microstructures and nanohardness were discussed by the collision velocity and the kinetic energy loss during the explosive welding process.