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<p>This study investigates the effects of incorporating surface-metallized graphene nano-sheets (GNS), specifically silver-coated GNS, into S390 high-speed steel (HSS) produced via powder metallurgy. The research focuses on evaluating the influence of GNS addition and post-sintering heat treatment on density, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance. The silver coating on GNS improves interfacial bonding with the steel matrix, enhancing load transfer and dispersion. Results revealed that although the addition of GNS slightly decreased the density of sintered samples due to their low mass and increased porosity, heat treatment mitigated this effect by promoting densification. An optimal improvement was observed with 1&#xa0;wt.% GNS, which resulted in a significant increase in hardness up to 957.8&#xa0;HV after heat treatment compared to 215 HV for the untreated matrix. Wear resistance improved progressively with increasing GNS content, with heat treatment further reducing wear rates by 80% for the base matrix and 20% for the 1&#xa0;wt.% GNS sample. Oxidation resistance was also enhanced due to the barrier effect of graphene and the formation of protective oxide films during heat treatment. These synergistic effects make silver-coated GNS a promising reinforcement for improving the mechanical and chemical performance of S390 HSS in high-temperature and high-wear applications.</p>

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Enhancement of Mechanical and Oxidation Resistance in S390 High-Speed Steel via Graphene Nano-sheet Addition and Heat Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • H. M. Zidan,
  • Omayma A. El-Kady,
  • A. Abd-Elwahed,
  • Hossam M. Yehia

摘要

This study investigates the effects of incorporating surface-metallized graphene nano-sheets (GNS), specifically silver-coated GNS, into S390 high-speed steel (HSS) produced via powder metallurgy. The research focuses on evaluating the influence of GNS addition and post-sintering heat treatment on density, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance. The silver coating on GNS improves interfacial bonding with the steel matrix, enhancing load transfer and dispersion. Results revealed that although the addition of GNS slightly decreased the density of sintered samples due to their low mass and increased porosity, heat treatment mitigated this effect by promoting densification. An optimal improvement was observed with 1 wt.% GNS, which resulted in a significant increase in hardness up to 957.8 HV after heat treatment compared to 215 HV for the untreated matrix. Wear resistance improved progressively with increasing GNS content, with heat treatment further reducing wear rates by 80% for the base matrix and 20% for the 1 wt.% GNS sample. Oxidation resistance was also enhanced due to the barrier effect of graphene and the formation of protective oxide films during heat treatment. These synergistic effects make silver-coated GNS a promising reinforcement for improving the mechanical and chemical performance of S390 HSS in high-temperature and high-wear applications.