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<p>The tensile and Erichsen cupping tests were conducted on copper-bearing stainless steels at both room temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (− 140 °C). Meanwhile, the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of copper-bearing stainless steels were investigated and analyzed at both room and low temperatures. The results showed that compared to room temperature, the tensile strength of copper-bearing stainless steel at low temperature increased by approximately 49.7%, the yield strength increased by about 35.5%, and the elongation decreased by around 27.3%. Observing the fracture surface, the fracture mode under tension is a ductile fracture at room temperature. Under low temperature, the fracture mode transitions from ductile to brittle-ductile mixed fracture. The cupping value in the experiment exhibited an increase of 0.67 mm, as it rose from 12.78 mm at room temperature to 13.45 mm under a low-temperature condition of − 140 °C. Through EBSD analysis of its internal microstructure, it is evident that stress concentration and strain variation during the cupping experiment led to the occurrence of dislocation slip, twinning, and martensitic phase transformation in austenite. The strength and ductility of stainless steel are enhanced by the mechanisms of twin-induced plasticity and transformation-induced plasticity.</p>

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Effect of Temperature on Cupping Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in Copper-Bearing Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Jinkang Sun,
  • Tiantian Zhang,
  • Shuqian Guo,
  • Juan Li,
  • Guanghui Zhao,
  • Lianwei Ma,
  • Yugui Li

摘要

The tensile and Erichsen cupping tests were conducted on copper-bearing stainless steels at both room temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (− 140 °C). Meanwhile, the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of copper-bearing stainless steels were investigated and analyzed at both room and low temperatures. The results showed that compared to room temperature, the tensile strength of copper-bearing stainless steel at low temperature increased by approximately 49.7%, the yield strength increased by about 35.5%, and the elongation decreased by around 27.3%. Observing the fracture surface, the fracture mode under tension is a ductile fracture at room temperature. Under low temperature, the fracture mode transitions from ductile to brittle-ductile mixed fracture. The cupping value in the experiment exhibited an increase of 0.67 mm, as it rose from 12.78 mm at room temperature to 13.45 mm under a low-temperature condition of − 140 °C. Through EBSD analysis of its internal microstructure, it is evident that stress concentration and strain variation during the cupping experiment led to the occurrence of dislocation slip, twinning, and martensitic phase transformation in austenite. The strength and ductility of stainless steel are enhanced by the mechanisms of twin-induced plasticity and transformation-induced plasticity.