The purpose of this study is to examine the gamma-ray protection features, optical characteristics, and physical properties of borate-glasses containing Fe2O3 and Er2O3 with chemical composition 65B2O3 + 15NaF + 10Bi2O3 + 9CdO + (1−X)Fe2O3 + XEr2O3, where X = 0.0–1.0 mol% in increments of 0.25%. The density (ρ) enhanced from 3.317 to 3.84 g.cm−3. The molar volume (Vm) declined 33.550-29.245 cm3mol−1. In the UV-Vis range, the peaks at 460 nm connected to 6A1g(S) → 4T2g(4G) transitions while the ones at 346 nm linked to 6A1g(S) → 4T2g(4D) transitions, respectively. The insertion Er3+ ions in the glass matrices resulted in a reduction in nephelauxetic ratio (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11665_2025_11972_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\beta$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>β</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) values. Racah's parameters (B) and (C) having an opposite trend as a function of Er3+ ions. The linear attenuation coefficient (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11665_2025_11972_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\upmu$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) order is: Er-0.0 < Er-0.25 < Er-0.5 < Er-0.75 < Er-1.0. For the Er-0.0 and Er-1.0 glass samples, the HVL values increased from 0.004 to 5.934 cm and from 0.004 to 5.054 cm, respectively, with an increase in the energy values from 0.015: 15 MeV. The prepared Er-1.0 glass sample (highest content of Er2O3) has the lowest half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean-free path (MFP). Within the investigated energy range, the effective-atomic number (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11665_2025_11972_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${Z}_{ef}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ef</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) within the range: 66.278-21.436 for Er-0.0 sample and 67.550-22.046 for Er-1.0 sample, respectively. The Er-1.0 glass sample outperforms the other Er-X glasses in terms of γ-radiation shielding capability.

Investigation of Racah Parameters and γ-ray Protection Features of Borate-Glasses Containing Fe₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ for Optical and Radiation Shielding Applications

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发表日期：

2025年9月2日

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Nada Alfryyan,
Hanan Al-Ghamdi,
Norah A. M. Alsaif,
Shaaban M. Shaaban,
R. A. Elsad,
A. M. Abdelghany,
M. S. Sadeq,
Islam M. Nabil,
Yehya I. Mesalam,
Y. S. Rammah

摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the gamma-ray protection features, optical characteristics, and

physical properties of borate-glasses containing Fe₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ with chemical composition 65B₂O₃ + 15NaF + 10Bi₂O₃ + 9CdO + (1−X)Fe₂O₃ + XEr₂O₃, where X = 0.0–1.0 mol% in increments of 0.25%. The density (ρ) enhanced from 3.317 to 3.84 g.cm⁻³. The molar volume (V_m) declined 33.550-29.245 cm³mol⁻¹. In the UV-Vis range, the peaks at 460 nm connected to ⁶A_1g(S) → ⁴T_2g(⁴G) transitions while the ones at 346 nm linked to ⁶A_1g(S) → 4T_2g(⁴D) transitions, respectively. The insertion Er³⁺ ions in the glass matrices resulted in a reduction in nephelauxetic ratio ( $\beta$ $β$ ) values. Racah's parameters (B) and (C) having an opposite trend as a function of Er³⁺ ions. The linear attenuation coefficient ( $\upmu$ $μ$ ) order is: Er-0.0 < Er-0.25 < Er-0.5 < Er-0.75 < Er-1.0. For the Er-0.0 and Er-1.0 glass samples, the HVL values increased from 0.004 to 5.934 cm and from 0.004 to 5.054 cm, respectively, with an increase in the energy values from 0.015: 15 MeV. The prepared Er-1.0 glass sample (highest content of Er₂O₃) has the lowest half-value layer (HVL)_, tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean-free path (MFP). Within the investigated energy range, the effective-atomic number ( ${Z}_{ef}$ $Z_{ef}$ ) within the range: 66.278-21.436 for Er-0.0 sample and 67.550-22.046 for Er-1.0 sample, respectively. The Er-1.0 glass sample outperforms the other Er-X glasses in terms of γ-radiation shielding capability.

Investigation of Racah Parameters and γ-ray Protection Features of Borate-Glasses Containing Fe2O3 and Er2O3 for Optical and Radiation Shielding Applications

摘要

Investigation of Racah Parameters and γ-ray Protection Features of Borate-Glasses Containing Fe₂O₃ and Er₂O₃ for Optical and Radiation Shielding Applications