<p>The study examined the impact of peak current and duration on droplet transition, droplet explosion, and spatter during cold metal transfer welding of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel wire (0.99 wt.% nitrogen). As the peak current and duration increase, the explosions become more severe, and droplet transfer becomes even more unstable. When the average current was below 106 A, the peak current had a greater influence on droplet explosion and spatter than the peak duration. At this average current level, reducing the peak current or extending the peak duration could effectively mitigate droplet explosion and spatter. Specifically, with a peak current of 163 A and a peak duration of 5&#xa0;ms, the droplet explosion rate was only 33%. However, when the average current exceeded 106 A, droplet explosions became extremely severe, causing significant splashing. In such cases, adjusting the peak current or duration had no notable effect on controlling droplet explosions. When the average current was 97 A, both weldments were well formed and defect free, with microstructures composed primarily of austenite and a small amount of ferrite. The microhardness and nitrogen content did not undergo significant changes due to variations in peak current and peak duration.</p>