<p>Copper matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, electronics and energy applications by virtue of their excellent strength, plasticity and damping properties. As a potential candidate of damping materials, copper matrix composites have good damping properties by themselves, and their damping capability could show a great improvement for the addition of highly damped reinforcing phases. In addition, the microstructure and distribution of reinforcing phases in the matrix shows a great influence on the properties of composites. The introduction of bionic structure provides new possibilities for the further development of the copper matrix composites. The bionic structure not only maintains the basic properties of the matrix, but also shows more excellent performance in terms of strength, plasticity and damping. In order to learn about the research status of the influence of bionic structures on the damping property of copper matrix composites, the present paper reviews the bionic preparation methods of high damping copper matrix composites, summarizes the effects of different reinforcing phases and bionic structures on the damping properties and mechanisms. In addition, the challenges to their development are discussed, and some potential solutions and future research directions are proposed. It provides a guidance for the development of copper matrix composites that integrate high strength, plasticity and damping properties with bionic structure.</p>