<p>With the research going a step further to laser surface texture technology and polymer material properties, there is an amount of research on the influence of laser processing surface texture bulges on the tribological behavior of PTFE materials. In this article, the orthogonal experimental method was used to compare and analyze the effects of three processing parameters (laser power, processing times, and scanning times) on the height of the processing bulges. Besides, the tribological properties of polished and unpolished textured specimen surfaces under dry friction and oil lubrication conditions were studied. Compared with the non-textured specimen, the friction coefficient has been reduced while the wear rate has been increased at the unpolished texture specimen under dry friction and oil lubrication conditions. SEM, EDS, and FT-IR characterization confirmed that PTFE debris oxidizes at the friction interface and forms a transfer film on the textured surface. Excessive processing bulges will cause damage and harm improving the anti-friction performance of the material surface. The differences in the influence of machining bulges at different heights on the frictional properties of materials were discussed. A molecular dynamics model of the surface with and without machined texture bulges and PTFE under dry friction and oil lubrication conditions was developed, and the changes at the interface were observed on a nanoscale, and the interactions between PTFE molecules, PAO8 lubricant molecules, and Fe atoms were analyzed by extracting friction, relative molecular weights, velocities, radius distribution functions, and bonding forces, and the mechanism of the influence of machining bulges on the frictional properties of 316L stainless steel/PTFE pairs was analyzed and summarized.</p>