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<p>Several studies have testified to using polylactic acid (PLA) as an implant in orthopedics owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and acceptable mechanical properties. However, little has been stated on the sensing capabilities of partially absorbable 3D-printed PLA composite-based implants under flexural loading in canines. The present study highlights the flexural properties of a 3D-printed PLA composite with tunable sensing capabilities. The 3D-printed PLA composite 98% (PLA–hydroxyapatite (HAp)–chitosan (CS))− 2% BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (by wt.) was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process, intended for use as a partially absorbable canine implant under flexural loading. The study suggests that the best FFF parameters for desirable flexural properties are a nozzle temperature (NT) of 220&#xa0;°C, an octet infill pattern (IP), and 80% infill density (ID %). Under these conditions, the PLA composite exhibited a flexural strength (FS) of 84.11&#xa0;MPa and a peak force (PF) of 143 N. The predicted dielectric constant of 2.57 was observed at suggested settings for sensing capability. Further, the results are braced by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), strain-electric loop (S-E loop), porosity % and average grain size number (No.), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis.</p>

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On Sensing Capabilities of Partially Absorbable 3D-Printed PLA Composite-Based Implant under Flexural Loading in Canine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Gurwinder Singh,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Amrinder Pal Singh,
  • Minhaz Husain,
  • Vinsay Kumar

摘要

Several studies have testified to using polylactic acid (PLA) as an implant in orthopedics owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and acceptable mechanical properties. However, little has been stated on the sensing capabilities of partially absorbable 3D-printed PLA composite-based implants under flexural loading in canines. The present study highlights the flexural properties of a 3D-printed PLA composite with tunable sensing capabilities. The 3D-printed PLA composite 98% (PLA–hydroxyapatite (HAp)–chitosan (CS))− 2% BaTiO3 (by wt.) was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process, intended for use as a partially absorbable canine implant under flexural loading. The study suggests that the best FFF parameters for desirable flexural properties are a nozzle temperature (NT) of 220 °C, an octet infill pattern (IP), and 80% infill density (ID %). Under these conditions, the PLA composite exhibited a flexural strength (FS) of 84.11 MPa and a peak force (PF) of 143 N. The predicted dielectric constant of 2.57 was observed at suggested settings for sensing capability. Further, the results are braced by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), strain-electric loop (S-E loop), porosity % and average grain size number (No.), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis.